BLOCK 10: ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH II - Unit 3: Soil Sampling (complete) Flashcards
Screw into the soil and churns the soil to be sampled. This classifies the sample as disturbed.
AUGER
Can augers be used to sample for VOCs?
NO
The sample taken will be disturbed and the churning will rapidly release VOCs.
Hand augers can reach depths of up to _____ feet, and gas-powered augers can reach up to _____ feet.
4 FEET ; 12 FEET
The choice of which auger head to use depends on what?
SOIL TYPE
Single-piece hollow metal tubes that are driven into the soil to collect soil samples.
TUBE SAMPLERS
The _______________ is a good core sampler for most types of soil and can reach depths of up to 10 feet. It is the best sampler for undisturbed soil samples taken at depths greater than 1 foot. Its major limitation is that it cannot penetrate stony or rocky soil.
VEIHMEYER TUBE SAMPLER
The _______________ is split along the side for easy removal of the soil sample. It is hammered into the soil for sample collection to a depth based on the length of the spoon, usually 4 –12 inches.
SPLIT SPOON TUBE SAMPLER
The _______________ is a single-piece metal tube that is forcefully driven into the soil or sediment at the bottom of the borehole to collect an undisturbed subsurface sample. It can be used for depths up to 25 feet.
PUSH TUBE SAMPLER
A narrow tube (with a T-handle) that is open on one side and is used primarily for sampling of loose soil on the surface or just under the surface. It is not recommended for compacted soil, clay, or rocky soil.
TRIER
Used to fill containers, remove debris, dig trenches, and collect samples. These tools are relatively inexpensive and easy to use and decontaminate. They are made of either stainless steel or plastic. These types of samplers are good to use for surface or shallow surface samples and for nonvolatile compounds.
TROWEL, SHOVEL, or SCOOP
Used in conjunction with collection devices. It augments your ability to collect and transport samples for further analysis. The kit (7) comes complete with the following items:
- Cleaned/screened tools for chemical sampling for over ten chemical warfare-related compounds and a list of TIC/TIMs.
- Sterile tools for biological sampling.
- Supplies to obtain nine chemical (liquid, wipe, or solid), nine biological (liquid, wipe, solid), six radiological (wipe) and three explosive samples.
- Packaged items for single use and easy opening and PPE.
- Colored modules which are separated to easily find sampling item based on sample type.
QUICK SILVER KIT
A _______________ sample is obtained by mixing or blending a soil sample in an attempt to provide uniform distribution of contaminants. In essence, this type of sampling creates an even distribution of the contaminant that is in the soil and is representative of the total soil sample collected.
HOMOGENIZED
Is homogenized sampling used for VOCs?
NO
One method to manually homogenize samples is to use a stainless steel spoon or scoop and a stainless steel bucket (or use a disposable scoop and pan) and follow these steps:
- Form a cone of the sample on a hard, clean surface. Mix by forming a new cone.
- Flatten the cone and divide the sample into quarters.
- Remix opposite quarters and reform a cone.
Name the method
QUARTERING HOMOGENIZATION METHOD
_______________ sampling takes individual discrete samples and mixes them together to create a well-mixed average concentration sample for an entire sample area. It is the process of combining and homogenizing several individual soil samples.
COMPOSITE SAMPLING
The process of physically sorting a sample to obtain uniform particle sizes using sieve screens of predetermined size.
SIEVING
A field-portable gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) system designed for on-scene detection, identification, and quantification of toxic industrial chemicals and chemical warfare agents
HAPSITE ER WITH HSS
It identifies substances by matching the chemical absorption that is unique to each chemical through infrared spectroscopy to its library database. A sample is placed on top of a diamond crystal with a high refractive index.
HAZMAT ID ELITE
It is important to know the purpose of the sampling: what are the goals of the sampling or why is it being done? Some potential goals of sampling include:
- Identifying health risks to workers and the community
- Defining the area of concern (AOC)
- Quantifying exposure
- Analyzing and reducing health risks
- Making health control decisions
_______________ sampling uses probability or chance, which allows a cost effective method of making assessments of contamination at a site. This approach is used when there is no background information available on the area or location being sampled; includes simple random, stratified random, systematic grid, and hot spot (or search) sampling.
STATISTICAL SAMPLING
The most basic statistical approach and is usually applied when minimal site background information (i.e. past practices and uses) is available and visible signs of contamination are not evident during the initial site assessment. This strategy uses the theory of random chance probabilities to choose representative sampling locations.
SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING
This soil sampling statistical technique “operates on the fact that environmental factors play a major role in leaching and concentrating pollutants in certain locations. the site is divided into different sampling areas or strata that are internally homogenous, based on existing data and background information.
STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING
This method involves dividing the entire area to be sampled into grids and collecting samples at predetermined intervals on the grid. The location of the first sampling point is selected at random, and all subsequent sampling locations are determined using a systematic pattern from that point.
SYSTEMATIC GRID SAMPLING
Used to sample small, localized areas that are characterized by high contaminant concentrations.
HOT SPOT SAMPLING
