BLOCK 2: CHEMICAL HAZARDS - Unit 4: Industrial Chemicals and Materials (complete) Flashcards
The potential for a toxic effect from an exposure to acute concentrations.
CHEMICAL HAZARD
A chemical where acute or chronic health effects might occur in exposed employees.
HEALTH HAZARD
This includes chemicals that are carcinogens, toxic or highly toxic agents, reproductive toxins, irritants, corrosives, sensitizers, or any other type of hazard.
The best place to see what ingredients may pose a health hazard to employees.
SAFETY DATA SHEETS (SDS)
A __________ is a chemical that causes destruction or necrosis of living tissue by chemical action at the site of contact.
CORROSIVE
Oftentimes, people think of only acids as corrosives, but bases can be just as corrosive.
__________ have a pH less than 7 and turn litmus (pH) paper red.
ACIDS
The lower the pH, the more acidic a solution is. Acids neutralize bases and react to form a salt and water. Tomato juice has a pH of 4, which is an acid, but sulfuric acid has a pH of 1, making it much more acidic and corrosive.
__________ have a pH greater than 7 and turn litmus (pH) paper blue.
BASES
Strong bases, called caustics, are also corrosive. Bases may also be called alkali. Bases neutralize acids and react to form a salt and water. Baking soda would be a mild base with a pH of 8. Household ammonia has a pH of 11, and sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) has a pH of 13.
A substance that catches fire easily with a flash point less than 100°F, such as gasoline.
FLAMMABLE LIQUID
The lowest temperature at which the combustible liquid will vaporize to form an ignitable mixture in air.
FLASH POINT
The lower the flash point, the easier it is to ignite. When the actual temperature is lower than the flashpoint, not enough liquid will vaporize and ignition cannot occur.
A chemical, other than a blasting agent or explosive, that initiates or promotes combustion in other materials, causing fire either by itself or through the release of oxygen or other gases.
OXIDIZER
Can cause a fire even in the absence of air since it supplies oxygen.
Tendency to produce undesirable effects, such as pressure buildup, temperature increases, or the formation of noxious, toxic or corrosive byproducts; may occur due to heating, burning, direct contact with other materials, or other conditions.
REACTIVITY
A gas, which is stored under pressure. Typical examples are propane or welding gases.
COMPRESSED GAS
A chemical that causes a sudden, almost instantaneous, release of pressure, gas, and heat when subjected to sudden shock, pressure, or high temperature.
EXPLOSIVE
adj. - Short-term exposure of high concentration.
ACUTE EXPOSURE
adj. - Long-term exposure of med-low concentration
CHRONIC EXPOSURE
A chemical is considered __________ if listed in Safety Data Sheets, OSHA 29 CFR 1920.1000, or Threshold Limit Values in ACGIH.
HAZARDOUS
How to ID hazards:
-how is it used?
-how long is exposure?
-what is the strength
-what chemical characteristics?