BLOCK 2: CHEMICAL HAZARDS - Unit 4: Industrial Chemicals and Materials (complete) Flashcards

1
Q

The potential for a toxic effect from an exposure to acute concentrations.

A

CHEMICAL HAZARD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A chemical where acute or chronic health effects might occur in exposed employees.

A

HEALTH HAZARD

This includes chemicals that are carcinogens, toxic or highly toxic agents, reproductive toxins, irritants, corrosives, sensitizers, or any other type of hazard.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The best place to see what ingredients may pose a health hazard to employees.

A

SAFETY DATA SHEETS (SDS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A __________ is a chemical that causes destruction or necrosis of living tissue by chemical action at the site of contact.

A

CORROSIVE

Oftentimes, people think of only acids as corrosives, but bases can be just as corrosive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

__________ have a pH less than 7 and turn litmus (pH) paper red.

A

ACIDS

The lower the pH, the more acidic a solution is. Acids neutralize bases and react to form a salt and water. Tomato juice has a pH of 4, which is an acid, but sulfuric acid has a pH of 1, making it much more acidic and corrosive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

__________ have a pH greater than 7 and turn litmus (pH) paper blue.

A

BASES

Strong bases, called caustics, are also corrosive. Bases may also be called alkali. Bases neutralize acids and react to form a salt and water. Baking soda would be a mild base with a pH of 8. Household ammonia has a pH of 11, and sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) has a pH of 13.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A substance that catches fire easily with a flash point less than 100°F, such as gasoline.

A

FLAMMABLE LIQUID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The lowest temperature at which the combustible liquid will vaporize to form an ignitable mixture in air.

A

FLASH POINT

The lower the flash point, the easier it is to ignite. When the actual temperature is lower than the flashpoint, not enough liquid will vaporize and ignition cannot occur.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A chemical, other than a blasting agent or explosive, that initiates or promotes combustion in other materials, causing fire either by itself or through the release of oxygen or other gases.

A

OXIDIZER

Can cause a fire even in the absence of air since it supplies oxygen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tendency to produce undesirable effects, such as pressure buildup, temperature increases, or the formation of noxious, toxic or corrosive byproducts; may occur due to heating, burning, direct contact with other materials, or other conditions.

A

REACTIVITY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A gas, which is stored under pressure. Typical examples are propane or welding gases.

A

COMPRESSED GAS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A chemical that causes a sudden, almost instantaneous, release of pressure, gas, and heat when subjected to sudden shock, pressure, or high temperature.

A

EXPLOSIVE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

adj. - Short-term exposure of high concentration.

A

ACUTE EXPOSURE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

adj. - Long-term exposure of med-low concentration

A

CHRONIC EXPOSURE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A chemical is considered __________ if listed in Safety Data Sheets, OSHA 29 CFR 1920.1000, or Threshold Limit Values in ACGIH.

A

HAZARDOUS

How to ID hazards:

-how is it used?
-how long is exposure?
-what is the strength
-what chemical characteristics?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Standard that requires manufacturers to do proper research and
include a list of hazardous ingredients on the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for each product they manufacture.

A

United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and
Labeling of Chemicals (GHS).