BLOCK 4: CHEMICAL CONTROLS - Units 1, 2, & 3 (complete) Flashcards
Used as a means of determining how to implement feasible and
effective control solutions. It ranks control measures in the order of their effectiveness and
stresses the elimination of the hazards as preferable to the use of personal protective
equipment (PPE).
HIERARCHY OF CONTROLS
They are divided into 3 categories : Engineering, Administrative, and PPE
These controls are favored over administrative controls and PPE because they
remove the hazard before it becomes in contact with the worker. When well-designed, they can be highly effective in protecting workers and will typically not be dependent on
worker interactions to achieve a high level of protection.
ENGINEERING CONTROLS
TYPE OF ENGINEERING CONTROL
Refers to the replacement of a hazardous material or activity with one that is less hazardous.
SUBSTITUTION
TYPE OF ENGINEERING CONTROL
The expression used when a hazard is lessened by scaling down the hazardous process. Hence, the quantity of hazardous materials used and stored is reduced, lessening the potential hazards.
MINIMIZATION
TYPE OF ENGINEERING CONTROL
The term applied when a barrier is interposed between a material, equipment, or process hazard and the property or persons who might be affected by the hazard (e.g., glove box, blast shield).
ISOLATION
TYPE OF ENGINEERING CONTROL
A method of controlling the work environment by strategically supplying (adding) or exhausting (removing) air.
VENTILATION
The two types of ventilation are local exhaust and general or dilution ventilation. Local exhaust systems are designed to catch the contaminated air at or near the source and remove it from the area before it reaches the workers breathing zone. General or dilution ventilation attempts to control hazardous atmospheres by diluting the atmosphere to a safe level by either exhausting or supplying air to the area.
These controls consist of managerial efforts to reduce hazards through
planning, training, job rotation, reduction of exposure time and written policies and
procedures.
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS
Includes a wide variety of items worn by a worker to isolate them from chemical hazards; considered the last resort of protection, creating a physical barrier at the point of exposure.
PERSOAL PROTECITVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
Additional protective measures needed to protect a worker when adherence to indicative PELs may not be enough.
SUBSTANCE-SPECIFIC STANDARDS
(also called EXPANDED STANDARDS)
Most of OSHA’s substance-specific standards that you will deal with are found in the _______________.
OSHA General Industry Standard (1910 series, Subpart Z)
OSHA has established substance-specific standards for certain chemicals that require specific protective measures for these specific substances. Some of these standards require the establishment of what is known as _______________.
REGULATED AREAS
_______________ disorders are one of the NIOSH’s top 10 leading occupational health problems.
a.) radiological
b.) dermatological
c.) mechanical
d.) neurological
DERMATOLOGICAL
These disorders are primarily a result of unprotected exposures to harmful chemical, biological, and physical agents. Most of the injuries and disease risks from dermatological disorders can be prevented or reduced through the appropriate selection and use of protective clothing.
TRUE OR FALSE
The type of protective equipment is the same regardless of the chemicals used.
FALSE
The protective material used should be based on the particular chemicals being used.
The net heat load to which a worker may be exposed from the combined
contributions of metabolic heat, environmental factors, and clothing requirements.
HEAT STRESS
Mild or moderate heat stress may cause discomfort and adversely affect performance, but is not harmful to overall health. More severe heat stress increases risk of heat related disorders.
The process by which a chemical moves through a material at the molecular level.
CHEMICAL PERMEATION
Chemical molecules pass between molecules of the protective barrier, maintaining its integrity. (Contrast with penetration
