Biological Molecules Flashcards
What are biological molecules
Molecules found in living organisms and are produced by cells
What are carbohydrates made from
Carbon+Hydrogen+Oxygen
There are different carbohydrates (smallest to largest)
Such as,
Simple sugars, glucose, fructose
Simple sugars are called monemers carbohydrates monomers join together and they can form to make polymers (any of a class of natural or synthetic substances composed of very large molecules) such as glycogen and starch
How is carbohydrates broken down and what is it broken down down into?
Simple carbohydrates/Simple sugars and this is carried out by enzymes in the mouth and small intestine
What are proteins made from?
They are made of long chains called amino acids
A protein is polymer and an amino acid is made from monomers
They are also made from the elements: Carbon+Hydrogen+Oxygen+Nitrogen
How are proteins broken down and what are they broken down into?
Proteins are broken down by enzymes in the stomach and small intestine and proteins are broken into amino acids
What are lipids made from?
They are made from a single glycerol molecule attached to 3 fatty acids
Fatty acids are often in different lengths and structure wether it is (oil or fat)
Lipids are made from: Carbon+Hydrogen+Oxygen
Lipids are not formed from polymers because they aren’t formed from long chains this is the difference between lipids and carbohydrates
What breaks lipids down and what are they broken into?
Small intestines break lipids down into fatty acids
