Bio Med - Day 7c Flashcards
Cystoscopy is used for
Bladder
PSA levels are tested for
Prostate
normal 4ng per ml
>4 problematic
Elevated Creatinine indicates
Kidneys
Creatinine
A breakdown product of creatine phosphate in muscles
Usually produced at a constant rate in the body
Upper Urinary Tract consists of
2 Kidneys and 2 Ureters
Lower Urinary Tract consists of
1 Bladder 1 Urethra
Upper Urinary Tract Infection
Pyelonephritis: KD infection
Ureteritis: Ureter infection
Pyelonephritis and Cystitis
BOTH: Increased Urinary Frequency, Px urination; dysuria, WBC’s & bacteria in urine
Pyelonephritis: Flank Px and FEVER
Most common Cx of UTI
Ecoli
Total Body Water(TBW) =
60%
of 60%: 40% = intracellular fluid (ICF)
20% = extracellular fluid (ECF)
5% = Plasma
Normal Blood PH
- 4 average
7. 35-7.45 range
Acidosis
0-7 so 7.25=acidosis
measures CO2
Alkolosis
7-14
base measures HCO3; bicarbonate
pH=7.25 rapid shallow breathing
Respiratory Acidosis
pH=7.55 vomiting diarrhea
Metabolic Alkolosis
metabolic is more systemic effects various parts
Most common type of Kidney sone
Calcium oxalate and Calcium phosphate 80%
Radiopaque
can see with X-Ray
Radiolucent
Can NOT see on X-Ray
Best imaging test for Nephrolithiasis
CT scan
Uric Acid Stones are Radiolucent
Types of Kidney Stones and Prevalence
80% Calcium oxalate/Calcium Phosphate: X-Ray
15% Ammonium Magnesium Phosphate: X-Ray
5% Uric Acid: Radiolucent
1% Cystine: X-ray
Generic name for Cholesterol drugs usually end in
-statin
MOA drug used for Hypercholesterolemia
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor
Side effect of Niacin (B3)
facial flushing and itching
Beta-agonist for Asthma: Acute exacerbation
Albuterol
Pt. taking acetaminophen should report any
bleeding or bruising
nosebleeds
RUQ Px: this symptom is DUE TO?
Liver Toxic Drug
Classification of Drug ending in -olol
Beta Blockers
HAART highly active antiretroviral therapy
HIV initiated when Pt presents w AIDS-defining illness Low CD4 count<500 cells/mm^3 High viral load
HIV turns into AIDS when CD4 is
200
usually start Tx at 500 cells/mm^3
Diarrhea w Hx of recent antibiotic use suggests
C-Diff Clostridium difficile
C-Diff
a bacteria that can cause Sx ranging from diarrhea to life-threating inflammation in the colon
C-DIff Tx
Metronidazole / Oral Vancomycin
Shi Licorice intake increases urinary excretion of
Potassiun (K)
fluid retention l/t increased Na decreased K this l/t
HTN
Foods rich in Folic Acid EXCEPT
Aspar, Spin, Lentils or Beef?
Beef
MOA for NSAIDs
Inhibit Prostaglandins
NSAIDs inhibit COX-2
Px, inflammation, fever
NSAIDs inhibit COX-1
GI mucosal protection inhibited ie. l/t GI bleed
NSAIDs and Aspirin block
COX-1 and COX-2 pathway
s/e GI Bleeding
NSAIDs used w caution in people with
Peptic Ulcers
Toxicity of Aspirin
Gastric Ulceration
Tinnitus
Risk of Reye Syndrome in children
Drug for Chronic Gout
Allopurinol: inhibit production of uric acid
Acute Gout
NSAIDs: naproxen, indomethacin
Glucocorticoids
Colchicine
Drug that can cause Gout
Diuretics: decrease uric acid excretion
furosemide, hydrochlorotiazide
Side effect of ACE inhibitors Captopril, Enalapril, Lisinopril
A-PRIL
s/e: Cough
