Bio Med Day 2b Flashcards
Out pouching of mucosa and submucosa that herniate through the colonic muscle layers in areas of high intraluminal pressure; most commonly in the sigmoid colon
Diverticulosis
Diverticulosis is the most common cause of ________GI bleeding
Lower
What is the dividing point of the GI track; The suspensory muscle of duodenum is a thin muscle connecting the junction between the duodenum, jejunum, and duodenojejunal flexure to connective tissue surrounding the superior mesenteric artery and coeliac artery
Ligament of treitz
What are the major causes of Diverticulosis
High fat, low fiber diet
Guide line for colon cancer screening
start from 50yrs old every 10 years
Diverticulosis Signs and Symptoms
Generally asymptomatic; painless, sudden onset of bleeding; anemia s/s
Diverticulosis is most commonly found in which area
Sigmoid colon
Most common cause of acute lower GI bleeding in patients >40 yrs old
Diverticulosis
What are the signs and symptoms of Diverticulitis
Lower Left Quadrant pain; nausea; vomiting; white blood cell count goes up (Leukocytosis); fever; constipation; inflammation of Diverticulosis
Serious complication of Diverticulitis
perforation - causes serious complication (Peritonitis & Shock)
Diagnostic tests for Diverticulosis
Colonoscopy; abdominal x-ray; Contrast CT
Diagnostic tests for Diverticulitis
Colonoscopy (although must be avoided in px with early diverticulitis due to risk of perforation); abdominal x-ray; Contrast CT
Treatment Options for Diverticulitis
NPO - nothing by mouth/Rest the Bowel; IV fluids; IV Antibiotics
Cranial Nerve VII lower motor neuron lesion causes peripheral ipsilateral facial paralysis (same side)
Bell’s Palsy
In what conditions will you see Bell’s Palsy as a complication
AIDS; Lyme’s Disease; Sarcoidosis; Tumors; Diabetes
33 yr old female in her 3rd trimester of pregnancy develops sudden onset of hemi-facial weakness, diminished taste, difficulty closing the eye. Taste is diminished in the
Anterior 2/3 of the tongue
Parkinson’s Disease is an idiopathic hypokinetic disorder that usually begins after age 50-60 and is attributed depletion of what chemical in the brain
Dopamine
Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease
Levodopa and Carbidopa
Key characteristics of Parkinson’s Disease
Postural Instability; Rigidity (Cog wheeling); Tremor “Pill Rolling”; Slow movement
Enlargement of the Prostate and a normal part of aging; seen in >80% of men at age >50
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia = BPH
BPH can result in what type of symptoms
Urinary retention; Recurring UTIs; Bladder and renal calculi; hydronephrosis; kidney damage over time
History of a patient with BPH
Hesitancy and weakness of urine stream; incomplete emptying of bladder; urinary retention; bladder fullness; Nocturia; Day time frequency; urge incontinence; opening hematuria
When a DRE (Digital Rectal Exam) is performed, what will the Prostate feel like if BPH is present
Uniformly enlarged; rubbery texture; ***If the texture is hard and has irregular lesions, cancer should be suspected
How to diagnose BPH
DRE; Measure PSA (prostate specific antigen); check UA for hematuria or infection; Trans-rectal Ultrasound
Herb that treats BPH
Saw Palmetto
Treatment option for BPH
TURP = Transurethral resection of the prostate ; Terazosin; Finasteride
Most common cancer in Men; Second leading cause of mortality
Prostate Cancer
History of a Px with Prostate Cancer
Typically Asymptomatic but can have lower back pain, with urinary retention; lymphedema due to
What type of metastasis can result from Prostate Cancer
Can metastasize to the Bone
Definitive diagnosis of Prostate Cancer is
Biopsy
Often but not always elevated in patients with Prostate Cancer
PSA
______are affected by UTIs more often than _____ because of the length of Urethra
Female; Male
Most common cause of UTI
e coli
Patients at higher risk of UTI
Pregnancy; Diabetes Mellitus; Immunosuppression
