Bio Med - Day 4a Flashcards
Inflammation of the stomach lining (either Acute or Chronic)
Gastritis
Acute Gastritis, which rapidly develops, can be due to what
NSAID use
Alcohol
H. pylori infection
Stress from severe illness (e.g., burns, CNS injury, etc.)
Type A Chronic Gastritis occurs in the _______, and is due to autoantibodies in the parietal cells. It also accounts for ________% of Chronic Gastritis
Fundus
10
What type of anemia is caused by Type A Chronic Gastritis, and what other conditions is it associated with
Pernicious Anemia
Thyroiditis
Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Type B Chronic Gastritis (accounts for 90% of Chronic Gatritis), occurs in the _______, and is most likely due to ________ use, or _________ infection
Antrum
NSAID
H. pylori
What is the Pernicious Anemia due to in relationship to Gastritis
Lack of Intrinsic factor which is required for Vit B12 absorption
Histamine 1 Drugs, and what they do
H1 receptor blockers
Diphenhydramine Mepyramine Maleate Promethazine Hydrochloride Pheniramine Maleate Antazoline
***These drugs treat allergic reactions
Histamine 1 Drugs, and what they do
H1 receptor blockers
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl, Nytol, Dramamine)
Mepyramine Maleate
Promethazine (Phenergan, Phenadoz, Promethean)
Hydrochloride
Pheniramine Maleate (Avil)
Antazoline
***These drugs treat allergic reactions
Histamine 2 Drugs, and what they do
H2 receptor blockers
Cimetidine (Tagamet) Burimamide Metiamide Ranitidine (Zantac) Nazitinidine (Axid) Famotinidine (Pepcid)
***To reduce Gastric Acid and Release; H2 receptors are in the stomach
What is PUD, Peptic Ulcer Disease
Damage to the Gastric to Duodenal mucosa; caused by impaired mucosal defense, or increased acidic acid contents
What is the main cause of PUD
H. Pylori
Other causes of PUD
Corticosteroid
NSAID
Alcohol
Tabacco
With Duodenal Ulcers _____ is the causative factor in 90% of cases.
Pain ________ with meals
H. pylori
Decrease
With Gastric Ulcers _____ is the causative factor in 70% of cases.
Pain ________ with meals
H. pylori
Greater
How are PUD diagnosed
Upper endoscopy with biopsy
H. pylori test via Urea Breath testing
Complications of PUD
hint “HOPI”
Hemorrhage
Obstruction
Perforation - (can lead to Peritonitis)
Intractable Pain
Risk Factor for Duodenal Ulcer EXCEPT
A. Smoke
B. Alcohol
C. H. pylori
D. Blood type A
D. Blood Type A
***It is actually Blood Type O that is a risk factor
A 56 yo female was recently diagnosed with Osteoarthritis. Two months later, she started having abdominal pain that worsens with the consumption of food. What is the likely diagnosis
A. Gastric Ulcer
B. Duodenal Ulcer
C. Crohn’s Disease
D. Ulcerative Colitis
A. Gastric Ulcer
Which rare condition characterized by _______ producing tumors in the duodenum and/or pancreas that leads to an over production of the hormone _______
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
gastrin
With ZES, what hormone increase in the body leads to more recurrent/intractable ulcers in the Duodenum and the Stomach
Gastrin - it creates a release of more gastric acid
What wil a patient present with that suffers from ZES
Unresponsive, gnawing, burning abdominal pain Diarrhea Nausea Vomiting fatigue weakness Weight loss GI bleeding
How is ZES diagnosed
Measuring the fasting Gastrin levels
Hormones that regulate digestion - Source & Target
Gastrin - _______ - _________
Secretin - _______ - _________
Cholecystokinin - _________ - ________
Gastric Inhibitory Peptide - _______ - _______
Stomach - Stomach
Duodenum - Pancreas/Liver
Duodenum - Pancreas/Gallbladder
Duodenum - Stomach
IBS is an idiopathic _______ disorder that is characterized by changes in bowel habits that ______ with stress as well as abdominal pain that is _______ by bowel movement
Functional
Increase
Relieved
***Liver Qi Stagnation
5 Signs and Symptoms with IBS
Chronic Abdominal Pain
Discomfort
Bloating
Alteration of Bowel Habits (constipation then diarrhea)
Feeling of incomplete evacuation (Tenesmus)
Half of all patients with IBS have comorbid ________ disturbance
A. Cardiac
B. Pulmonic
C. Hematologic
D. Psychiatric
D. Psychiatric
Damage to the lower portion of the tube that connects the mouth and stomach (esophagus); people with GERD can develop this
Barrett’s esophagus
A patient with GERD should avoid all EXCEPT
A. Caffeine
B. Alcohol
C. Nicotine
D. H2 receptor antagonists
D. H2 receptor antagonists
Imaging techniques to diagnose GERD EXCEPT
A. Barium Swallow
B. Upper Endoscopy with Biopsy
C. 24 hr pH monitoring
D. Hysteroscopy
D. Hysteroscopy
Abnormal changes (metaplasia) in the cells of the lower portion of the esophagus
A. pheochromocytoma
B. Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
C. Barretts Esophagus
D. Hiatal Hernia
C. Barretts Esophagus
POUND mnemonic for Migraine HA symptoms (Key Words)
P = Pulsatile O = One - day duration (or more) U = Unilateral N = Nausea D = Disabling
- **Specific trigger = food; light; sound
- **Most common in Females
Symptoms for Cluster HA
Unilateral lasts 15mins to 3hrs Repetitive and Brief in nature Excruciating peri-orbital pain Accompanied by Lacrimation and Rhinorrhea
Tx for Cluster HA
Give patient 100% Oxygen
Sumatriptan (drug)
Tension HA symptoms
Bi - lateral lasts 30mins to 4-6 hrs Constant steady pain no photophobia no aura
Tx for Tension HA
NSAID
Acetaminophen
analgesics
20 Year old female develops HA after drinking Red Wine
A. Migraine
B. Cluster
C. Tension
D. Sinus
A. Migraine
Classic Migraine
A. Unilateral preceded by visual aura
B. Unilateral without preceding aura
C. Bilateral, preceded by a visual aura
D. Bilateral, without preceding aura
A. Unilateral preceded by visual aura
Classic Migraine is ______ and is preceded by an _____
Common Migraine is ________ and is not preceded by an _______
Unilateral, aura
Bilateral, aura
35 year old male wakes up repeatedly during the night unilateral peri-orbital pain accompanied by ipsilateral lacrimation
A. Migraine HA
B. Cluster HA
C. Tension HA
D. Sinus HA
B. Cluster HA
30 year old female complains of HA at the endow the day. Worsens with stress, and massage improves it.A tight band of pain on the head, not associated with triggers
Tension HA
Most common headache diagnosed in adults
Tension HA
