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HB Kim Videos > Bio Med - Day 4a > Flashcards

Bio Med - Day 4a Flashcards

1
Q

Inflammation of the stomach lining (either Acute or Chronic)

A

Gastritis

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2
Q

Acute Gastritis, which rapidly develops, can be due to what

A

NSAID use
Alcohol
H. pylori infection
Stress from severe illness (e.g., burns, CNS injury, etc.)

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3
Q

Type A Chronic Gastritis occurs in the _______, and is due to autoantibodies in the parietal cells. It also accounts for ________% of Chronic Gastritis

A

Fundus

10

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4
Q

What type of anemia is caused by Type A Chronic Gastritis, and what other conditions is it associated with

A

Pernicious Anemia
Thyroiditis
Gastric Adenocarcinoma

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5
Q

Type B Chronic Gastritis (accounts for 90% of Chronic Gatritis), occurs in the _______, and is most likely due to ________ use, or _________ infection

A

Antrum
NSAID
H. pylori

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6
Q

What is the Pernicious Anemia due to in relationship to Gastritis

A

Lack of Intrinsic factor which is required for Vit B12 absorption

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7
Q

Histamine 1 Drugs, and what they do

H1 receptor blockers

A 
Diphenhydramine 
Mepyramine Maleate 
Promethazine 
Hydrochloride
Pheniramine Maleate 
Antazoline

***These drugs treat allergic reactions

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8
Q

Histamine 1 Drugs, and what they do

H1 receptor blockers

A

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl, Nytol, Dramamine)
Mepyramine Maleate
Promethazine (Phenergan, Phenadoz, Promethean)
Hydrochloride
Pheniramine Maleate (Avil)
Antazoline

***These drugs treat allergic reactions

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9
Q

Histamine 2 Drugs, and what they do

H2 receptor blockers

A 
Cimetidine (Tagamet) 
Burimamide 
Metiamide 
Ranitidine (Zantac)
Nazitinidine (Axid)
Famotinidine (Pepcid)

***To reduce Gastric Acid and Release; H2 receptors are in the stomach

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10
Q

What is PUD, Peptic Ulcer Disease

A

Damage to the Gastric to Duodenal mucosa; caused by impaired mucosal defense, or increased acidic acid contents

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11
Q

What is the main cause of PUD

A

H. Pylori

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12
Q

Other causes of PUD

A

Corticosteroid
NSAID
Alcohol
Tabacco

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13
Q

With Duodenal Ulcers _____ is the causative factor in 90% of cases.
Pain ________ with meals

A

H. pylori

Decrease

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14
Q

With Gastric Ulcers _____ is the causative factor in 70% of cases.
Pain ________ with meals

A

H. pylori

Greater

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15
Q

How are PUD diagnosed

A

Upper endoscopy with biopsy

H. pylori test via Urea Breath testing

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16
Q

Complications of PUD

hint “HOPI”

A

Hemorrhage
Obstruction
Perforation - (can lead to Peritonitis)
Intractable Pain

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17
Q

Risk Factor for Duodenal Ulcer EXCEPT

A. Smoke
B. Alcohol
C. H. pylori
D. Blood type A

A

D. Blood Type A

***It is actually Blood Type O that is a risk factor

18
Q

A 56 yo female was recently diagnosed with Osteoarthritis. Two months later, she started having abdominal pain that worsens with the consumption of food. What is the likely diagnosis

A. Gastric Ulcer
B. Duodenal Ulcer
C. Crohn’s Disease
D. Ulcerative Colitis

A

A. Gastric Ulcer

19
Q

Which rare condition characterized by _______ producing tumors in the duodenum and/or pancreas that leads to an over production of the hormone _______

A

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

gastrin

20
Q

With ZES, what hormone increase in the body leads to more recurrent/intractable ulcers in the Duodenum and the Stomach

A

Gastrin - it creates a release of more gastric acid

21
Q

What wil a patient present with that suffers from ZES

A 
Unresponsive, gnawing, burning abdominal pain 
Diarrhea 
Nausea
Vomiting
fatigue
weakness
Weight loss
GI bleeding
22
Q

How is ZES diagnosed

A

Measuring the fasting Gastrin levels

23
Q

Hormones that regulate digestion - Source & Target
Gastrin - _______ - _________
Secretin - _______ - _________
Cholecystokinin - _________ - ________
Gastric Inhibitory Peptide - _______ - _______

A

Stomach - Stomach
Duodenum - Pancreas/Liver
Duodenum - Pancreas/Gallbladder
Duodenum - Stomach

24
Q

IBS is an idiopathic _______ disorder that is characterized by changes in bowel habits that ______ with stress as well as abdominal pain that is _______ by bowel movement

A

Functional
Increase
Relieved

***Liver Qi Stagnation

25
Q

5 Signs and Symptoms with IBS

A

Chronic Abdominal Pain
Discomfort
Bloating
Alteration of Bowel Habits (constipation then diarrhea)
Feeling of incomplete evacuation (Tenesmus)

26
Q

Half of all patients with IBS have comorbid ________ disturbance

A. Cardiac
B. Pulmonic
C. Hematologic
D. Psychiatric

A

D. Psychiatric

27
Q

Damage to the lower portion of the tube that connects the mouth and stomach (esophagus); people with GERD can develop this

A

Barrett’s esophagus

28
Q

A patient with GERD should avoid all EXCEPT

A. Caffeine
B. Alcohol
C. Nicotine
D. H2 receptor antagonists

A

D. H2 receptor antagonists

29
Q

Imaging techniques to diagnose GERD EXCEPT

A. Barium Swallow
B. Upper Endoscopy with Biopsy
C. 24 hr pH monitoring
D. Hysteroscopy

A

D. Hysteroscopy

30
Q

Abnormal changes (metaplasia) in the cells of the lower portion of the esophagus

A. pheochromocytoma
B. Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
C. Barretts Esophagus
D. Hiatal Hernia

A

C. Barretts Esophagus

31
Q

POUND mnemonic for Migraine HA symptoms (Key Words)

A 
P = Pulsatile 
O = One - day duration (or more)
U = Unilateral 
N = Nausea 
D = Disabling
  • **Specific trigger = food; light; sound
  • **Most common in Females
32
Q

Symptoms for Cluster HA

A 
Unilateral
lasts 15mins to 3hrs
Repetitive and Brief in nature
Excruciating peri-orbital pain
Accompanied by Lacrimation and Rhinorrhea
33
Q

Tx for Cluster HA

A

Give patient 100% Oxygen

Sumatriptan (drug)

34
Q

Tension HA symptoms

A 
Bi - lateral 
lasts 30mins to 4-6 hrs
Constant steady pain
no photophobia 
no aura
35
Q

Tx for Tension HA

A

NSAID
Acetaminophen
analgesics

36
Q

20 Year old female develops HA after drinking Red Wine

A. Migraine
B. Cluster
C. Tension
D. Sinus

A

A. Migraine

37
Q

Classic Migraine

A. Unilateral preceded by visual aura
B. Unilateral without preceding aura
C. Bilateral, preceded by a visual aura
D. Bilateral, without preceding aura

A

A. Unilateral preceded by visual aura

38
Q

Classic Migraine is ______ and is preceded by an _____

Common Migraine is ________ and is not preceded by an _______

A

Unilateral, aura

Bilateral, aura

39
Q

35 year old male wakes up repeatedly during the night unilateral peri-orbital pain accompanied by ipsilateral lacrimation

A. Migraine HA
B. Cluster HA
C. Tension HA
D. Sinus HA

A

B. Cluster HA

40
Q

30 year old female complains of HA at the endow the day. Worsens with stress, and massage improves it.A tight band of pain on the head, not associated with triggers

A

Tension HA

41
Q

Most common headache diagnosed in adults

A

Tension HA

HB Kim Videos (29 decks)

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