Bio Med - Day 3a Flashcards
Most common cause of Small Bowel Obstruction in children
Hernia
Most common cause of Small Bowel Obstruction in adult
Adhesion due to scar tissue from surgery
All ideologies of Small Bowel Obstruction
- Adhesion
- Hernia
- Neoplasm
- Other: Volvulus; Intussuscuception; gallstone ileus; foreign body; Crohn’s disease; cystic fibrosis; stricture; hematoma
Signs and Symptoms to look for in diagnosis of a Small Bowel Obstruction
Severe acute abdominal pain copious emesis (vomiting) Cramping pain with distal SBO Fever signs of dehydration positive hypotension
In an exam, when looking for SBO (Small Bowel Obstruction), what are you looking for
Abdominal tenderness Abdominal distension Visible peristaltic waves fever Hypovolemia - plasma portion of the blood is too low look for surgical scars high pitched tinkly bowel sounds later absence of bowel sounds
Things acupuncturist can do to help with SBO
Gentle massage
acupuncture
cupping & moxa
Herbs
***if it’s really severe, surgical intervention is necessary
What condition is a patient experiencing if they have unilateral, colicky flank pain, that radiates to the groin, nausea and vomiting, and hematuria
Nephrolithiasis - Kidney Stones
Name 2 complications associated with Kidney Stones
Hydronephrosis - A condition characterized by excess fluid in a kidney due to a backup of urine.
Pyelonephritis - Inflammation of the kidney due to a bacterial infection
2 ways to diagnose Nephrolithiasis - Kidney Stones
Non contrast Abdominal CT Scan
KUB X-ray (can see 93% of Stones)
One of the best ways to treat and prevent Nephrolithiasis - Kidney Stones is to
encourage fluid intake
What are the 5 types of Kidney stones that a patient can have
Calcium Oxalate
Struvite
Uric Acid - this type cannot be seen on KUB, just CT Scan
Cystine
Indinavir - (very rare) caused by this drug
What size of stone can pass through the urethra
5mm
3cm can be treated by lithotripsy
Entrapment of the ________ nerve at the wrist caused by decrease in space in the carpal tunnel, leading to paresthesias, pain, and occasionally paralysis
median
What are some of the reasons Carpal Tunnel Syndrome can arise
Over use of Wrist Flexors
Diabetes Mellitus
Thyroid Dysfunction
***often seen in Pregnant Woman and Middle-aged woman
Signs and Symptoms of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Aching over Thenar area of hand
Paresthesia and numbness i Median Nerve Distribution
Symptoms worse at night
Frequently dropping objects, or inability to open jars
What are the 2 exams used to test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Phalan’s Sign test
Tinel’s Sign test
56 year old, right had dominant woman presents with a chief complaint of numbness and tingling in her right thumb, index, and long finger. It is worse at night, worse with holding a book or newspaper, and she describes nocturnal awakenings…what is she likely suffering from
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Raynaud’s Phenomenon color change sequence
White - lack of blood flow
Blue - lack of oxygen
Red - blood rushing back
What type of Virus is HIV
Retrovirus
Initial diagnostic test for HIV
ELISA because of high sensitivity
What test is done second for confirmation of HIV
Western Blot
AIDS is indicated by 1. Having the HIV Infection & a CD4 count of < ___
200
What virus can be defined as having painful, recurrent vesicular eruption of the mucocutaneous
Herpes Simplex
HSV type that causes oral lesions
HSV 1
HSV type that causes genital lesions
HSV 2
Treatment for HSV
Acyclovir
Symptoms leading up to an HSV out break
Tingling, and pain in the area of out break; lymphadenopathy; fever; discomfort; malaise
How is VZV (Varicella-Zoster Virus) transmitted
Via. Respiratory droplet, or direct contact
Signs and Symptoms of Varicella (Chicken Pox)
Malaise
HA
Fever
Myalgia before the rash shows up
How does the Zoster virus show up in adults
Shingles
Where does the virus Varicella live dormant
Dorsal Root Ganglia
_________ is the nerve pain due to damage caused by the Varicella-Zoster virus. Typically the neuralgia is confined to the dermatomic area of the skin, and follows an outbreak of Herpes Zoster (commonly known as shingles) in the same dermatomic area
Postherpetic Neuralgia
A disease of the root of a nerve, such as from a pinched nerve or a tumor
radiculopathy
Approximately how many skeletal muscles are there in the body
Over 600
At ________ years old, woman should begin ______ self breast exams
20
Monthly
If a patient is suffering from Bell’s palsy, he or she may also have abnormal taste in the __________
Anterior 1/3 of the tongue
Gonadotropins, i.e. follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), are secreted by the
Anterior Pituitary
