Bio Med - Day 7b Flashcards
Condition when Meninges & Spinal Cord herniate through spinal canal defect
A. Spina Bifida Occulta
B. Meningocele
C. Myelomeningocele
D. Anencephely
C. Myelomeningocele
What vitamin deficiency can often result in birth defect such as Neural Tube defect
Folate - folic acid
- very important
This receives messages from other cells
A. Dendrites
B. Cell Body
C. Axon
D. Myelin Sheath
A. Dendrites
- Dendrite to the cell body
- Axon away from the cell body
Passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands
A. Dendrites
B. Cell body
C. Axon
D. Myelin Sheath
C. Axon
Covers the axon of some neurons and speeds up neural impulses
A. Dendrites
B. Cell body
C. Axon
D. Myelin Sheath
D. Myelin Sheath
Neurotransmitter that decreases in Parkinson’s Disease, and Depression, and increases in Huntington Disease
A. Norepinephrine B. Dopamine C. 5-HT (serotonin) D. Acetylcholine E. GABA
B. Dopamine
Neurotransmitter that decreases in Anxiety and Depression, and increases in Parkinson disease
A. Norepinephrine B. Dopamine C. 5-HT (serotonin) D. Acetylcholine E. GABA
C. 5-HT (serotonin)
Neurotransmitter that decreases in Alzheimer disease & Huntington disease and increases in Parkinson disease
A. Norepinephrine B. Dopamine C. 5-HT (serotonin) D. Acetylcholine E. GABA
D. Acetylcholine
*can use Aricept, Donepizil to treat
Characterized by chorea movements, aggression, depression, and dementia
A. Alzheimer disease
B. Huntington disease
C. Parkinson disease
D. Stroke
B. Huntington disease
Non-fluent aphasia with intact comprehension
A. Broca aphasia
B. Wernicke aphasia
C. Global aphasia
D. Conduction aphasia
A. Broca aphasia
“Broken Boca” can’t talk, but understand
Fluent aphasia with impaired comprehension and repletion
A. Broca aphasia
B. Wernicke aphasia
C. Global aphasia
D. Conduction aphasia
B. Wernicke aphasia
Can talk, but it is jumbled and can’t comprehend
Poor repetition but fluent speech, intact comprehension. Can’t repeat phrases such as, “No ifs, ands, or buts.”
A. Broca aphasia
B. Wernicke aphasia
C. Global aphasia
D. Conduction aphasia
D. Conduction aphasia
Global aphasia = Broca aphasia + Wernicke aphasia
Most commonly affected by Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
A. ACA (anterior cerebral artery)
B. MCA (middle cerebral artery)
C. PCA (posterior cerebral artery)
D. Lenticulostriate Artery
B. MCA (middle cerebral artery)
Middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction EXCEPT
A. Contralateral paralysis - upper limb and face
B. Contralateral loss of sensation - upper/lower limbs, face
C. Motor aphasia
D. Decreased pain and temperature sensation
D. Decreased pain and temperature sensation
Rupture of Berry aneurysm leads to
A. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
B. Intracerebral hemorrhage
C. Subdural hematoma
D. Epidural hematoma
A. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
“The worst headache of my life” - sudden onset
A. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
B. Intracerebral hemorrhage
C. Subdural hematoma
D. Epidural hematoma
A. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
- Etiology = Trauma, Berry aneurysm, AVM
- Abrupt-onset, intensely painful “thunderclap” headache, often followed by neck stiffness
CT demonstrates a crescent-shaped (concave) hyperdensity
A. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
B. Intracerebral hemorrhage
C. Subdural hematoma
D. Epidural hematoma
C. Subdural hematoma
*elderly, or alcoholic
CT shows a lens-shaped (convex) hyper density
A. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
B. Intracerebral hemorrhage
C. Subdural hematoma
D. Epidural hematoma
D. Epidural hematoma
*usually the result of a trauma
A 20 year-old develops headaches after drinking red wine
A. Migraine HA
B. Cluster HA
C. Tension HA
D. Sinus HA
A. Migraine HA
- Triptans are used to treat
- because of the trigger, that’s a clue; and female (more females experience migraines)
A 25 year old male wakes up repeatedly during the night with unilateral peri-orbital pain associated with ipsilateral lacrimation
A. Migraine HA
B. Cluster HA
C. Tension HA
D. Sinus HA
B. Cluster HA
*give 100% Oxygen for treatment
A 30 year old female complains of HA at the end of the day that worsens with stress and improves with relaxation or massage
A. Migraine HA
B. Cluster HA
C. Tension HA
D. Sinus HA
C. Tension HA
*NSAID, acetaminophen, triptan
The most common type of HA diagnosed in adults
A. Migraine HA
B. Cluster HA
C. Tension HA
D. Sinus HA
C. Tension HA
The most important first diagnostic test to order in a patient with syncope
A. EMG
B. EKG
C. EEG
D. Tilt-table test
B. EKG
*most important to first rule out cardiac cause
Fatigable ptosis or double vision, proximal muscle weakness. Symptoms typically worsen as the day progresses but fluctuate dramatically
A. Myasthenia gravis - post synaptic B. Lambert-Eaton Myasthenia syndrome -presynaptic C. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) D. Guillian-Barre syndrome (GBS) E. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
A. Myasthenia gravis
SPLEEN TONIFICATION NEEDED
*autoimmune issue
Autoimmune disorder caused by antibodies directed toward presynaptic calcium channels in the neuromuscular junction. Small cell lung carcinoma is a significant risk factor.
A. Myasthenia gravis - post synaptic B. Lambert-Eaton Myasthenia syndrome -presynaptic C. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) D. Guillian-Barre syndrome (GBS) E. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
B. Lambert-Eaton Myasthenia syndrome -presynaptic
Multiple neurologic complaints that are separated in time and space and are not explained by a single lesion. The classic triad is scanning speech, internuclear ophthalmoplegia, and nystagmus
A. Myasthenia gravis - post synaptic B. Lambert-Eaton Myasthenia syndrome -presynaptic C. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) D. Guillian-Barre syndrome (GBS) E. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
C. Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
*MS patients get worse in hot weather, or hot shower
An acute, rapidly progressive, acquired demyelinating autoimmune disorder of the peripheral nerves that result in weakness. Associated with Campylobacter jejuni infection or influenza vaccination
A. Myasthenia gravis - post synaptic B. Lambert-Eaton Myasthenia syndrome -presynaptic C. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) D. Guillian-Barre syndrome (GBS) E. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
D. Guillian-Barre syndrome (GBS)
55 year old male presents with slowly progressive weakness in his left upper extremity and later his right, associates with fasciculations and atrophy, but without bladder disturbance and with a normal cervical MRI
A. Myasthenia gravis - post synaptic B. Lambert-Eaton Myasthenia syndrome -presynaptic C. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) D. Guillian-Barre syndrome (GBS) E. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
E. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
*Key things about ALS = rapidly progressive; attacks nerve cells; “Lou Gehrig” disease
