Bio Med -Day 6a Flashcards
Neural Tube Defects
birth defects of the brain, spine, spinal cord
Neural tube becomes
The Spinal Cord
Two most common Neural Tube Defects
- Spina Bifida
2. Anencephaly
Spina Bifida
fetal spinal column doesn’t close completely
Anencephaly
Large part of skull as well as cerebral hemispheres are absent
Supplementing ____ can reduce risk of neural tube defects
Folate/Folic Acid/Vitamin B9
Women planning a pregnancy dose at ___of Folic acid
.4 g = 400mcg
Preterm Delivery
Full Term Delivery
Post term Delivery
20-37 weeks
37-42 weeks
More than 40 weeks
Teratogens in Pregnancy:
any agent that can potentially cause birth defects
Classes of Teratogens
- Radiation
- Maternal Infection
- chemicals/drugs
Pre-eclampsia
HTN + Proteinuria
Eclampsia
HTN + Proteinuria + Seizure
Pre-eclampsia urine test tests for
Protein in urine = Proteinuria
Only treatment for Eclampsia is
Delivery of fetus/baby
4 weeks postpartum, breast px and redness. fever, chills, flu-like sx. Focal breast erythema, swelling, tenderness
Mastitis
Tx for Mastitis
Antibiotics and CONTINUE breast feeding
Most COMMON medical complication of pregnancy
DM
RhoGAM shot
mother BL -Rh
father BL +Rh
administered at 28weeks
BV bacterial vaginosis
Bacterial Infection grayish-white discharge fishy odor microscopic Clue Cells Tx: Metronidazole
Candida vulvovaginitis
Yeast Infection
thick-white curdy discharge
no odor
Tx: Fluconazole
Trichomoniasis
Protozoa Infection yellow-green frothy discharge Malodorous odor Microscopic: motile trichomonads strawberry petechial on cervix Tx: Metronidazole
Which of the 3 are sexually transmitted and therefore the partner must also be treated
Trichomoniasis
Female, malodorous vag discharge for 10 days, thin white w fishy odor, WORSE after intercourse, no prior STD, clue cells seen under microscope
BV Bacterial Vaginosis
Female, profuse malodorous, yellow-green, frothy discharge. PH>6, Flagellated organisms under microscopy
Trichomoniasis
TX partner as well
Cervical Cancer Screening
At 21 yo
21-29 pap every 3 yrs
Surge in LH and FSH
ovulation
LH is released by the
Anterior Pituitary Gland
During Ovulation Phase
Mature egg is released from ovary
LH surges
FSH surges
Major risk factors for Cervical Cancer
HPV infection and smoking
HPV types that Cx warts & Cervical Cancer
6, 11, 16, 18
HPV 6 & 11 Cx
Warts
HPV 16 & 18 Cx
Cervical Cancer
Gardasil Vaccine targets HPV types
6, 11, 16, 18
Post-Coital Bleeding; bleeding after sex Sx of
Cervical Cancer
Postmenopausal Caucasian women. Presents w hip fracture and vertebral compression
T score < -2.5
Osteoporosis
T score -1.0 to -2.5
Osteopenia: low bone density
Tx osteoporosis
Bisphosphonates: inhibit Osteoclasts
clasts: break down bone
blasts: blast or build bone
Menopause Sx: wrecks HAVOCS
Hot flashes Atrophy of Vagina Osteoporosis Coronary artery disease Sleep disturbance
Premature Ovarian Failure
menopause before the age of 40
Loss of Urine after increased intra-abdominal pressure; coughing, sneezing, lifting, laughing
Stress Incontinence
Sudden urge to void and involuntary loss of urine at inappropriate times; sudden unexpected URGE to void
Urge Incontinence
ie. OAB overactive bladder: before BL is full muscles contract
Chronic Urinary Retention
Overflow Incontinence requires use of catheter
