Bio Med - Day 4b Flashcards
A collection of air in the pleural sack that can lead to pulmonary collapse
Pneumothorax
Primary Pneumothorax typically happens to _________ (3 characteristics) types of patients, where as Secondary Pneumothorax happens to _____________ patients
Tension Pneumothorax is most often seen in ________
Tall, Thin young Males
Px with COPD, TB, Trauma, Pneumocystis JIroveci Pneumonia, iatrogenic
Shock/Death
Chest Pain, Dyspnea, Unilateral diminished breath sound is all indicative of what condition
Pneumothorax
Signs and Symptoms of Pneumothorax (remember “P-Thorax” as the nemonic)
P = Pleuritic Pain T = Tracheal Deviation H = Hyperessonance O = Onset Sudden R = Reduced Breath sounds and Dyspnea A = Absent Fremitus X = X- ray shows collapse
Treatment for Tension Pneumothorax
Needle Decompression - usually in the second intercostal space
What is the Virchow’s Triad in terms of DVT
Venous stasis = long plain rides; Bed rest; etc.
Endothelial Trauma = injury to the lower extremities
Hypercoagulability = malignancy; pregnancy; etc.
Signs and Symptoms of DVT
Unilateral lower extremity pain & swelling
PE = Homan’s Sign - discomfort behind the knee on forced dorsiflexion of the foot
Initial and best test for DVT is what
Doppler Ultra sound
second would be CT scan
What is one of the treatments for DVT
Heparin
Physical Exam for DVT
Homan’s Sign - discomfort behind the knee on forced dorsiflexion of the foot
What virus causes Mono
EBV - Epstein Barr Virus
Main symptoms of Mono
fever
pharyngitis
lymphadenopathy
***secondary - fatigue and upper eyelid edema
Mono is diagnosed by what test
Heterophil antibody (monospot) test EBV specific antibodies
What is the most critical complication of mono
Splenic rupture - these patients have Splenomegaly - for one month these patients need to avoid contact sports
Highly sensitive but not specific test for SLE - Systemic Lupus Erythematosis
Anti-nuclear Antibodies (ANA)
Most common endocrine disorder in reproductive woman
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
What will a patient experience if they have PCOS
Hussitism - hairy face
BMI > 30
High BP
What are patients with PCOS at greater risk for
Type 2 DM
Insulin Resistance
Infertility
Metabolic syndrome
What are the hallmarks of a patient with Metabolic Syndrome
Insulin Resistance
Obesity
Hypertension
Atherogenic Dyslipidemia
The most severe form of PCOS is HAIR-AN syndrome’ HAIR-AN stands for what
Hyper Androgen
Insulin Resistance
Acanthosis Nigricans
Type of Diuretic that can treat Hirsutism
Spironolactone - K sparing Diuretic
If there is too much pressure in the brain, what type of diuretic can be used
Mannitol
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease or COPD is characterized by _______ lung function, with airflow obstruction.
decreased
Looking for a condition here:
_______ presents with a productive cough for >3 months/year for 2 consecutive years
Chronic Bronchitis
Terminal airway destruction and dilation; A group of lung diseases that block airflow and make it difficult to breathe
Emphysema
What condition results in the patient being characterized as a “Pink Puffer”
Emphysema
What will a patient with Emphysema present with/look like
Dyspnea Pursed Lips Minimal cough decreased create sounds late hypercarbia/hypoxia Thin/wasted appearance
What condition is it that patients are referred to as “Blue Bloaters”
Chronic Bronchitis
What will a patient with Chronic Bronchitis present with/look like
Cyanosis mild dyspnea productive cough often over weight, with peripheral edema rhonchi early signs of hypercarbia/hypoxia classic "barrel chest" due to use of accessory chest muscles JVD end-expiratory wheezing muffled breath sounds
COPD - Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease refers to what 2 conditions
Emphysema & Chronic Bronchitis
Most important risk factor of COPD
Smoking
Pyelonephritis is what
Kidney inflammation - Upper UTI
Nearly 85% of community acquired cases of pyelonephritis results from the same pathogens that cause what
Cystitis - Bladder Infection
Pyelonephritis is the most common serious medical complication of what
Pregnancy
Symptoms of Pyelonephritis include
flank pain fever chills nausea vomiting Dysuria frequency urgency
What 4 different types of analysis can diagnose Pyelonephritis
Urinalysis and culture
CBC
Ultrasound
CT Scan
What area will you experience pain when suffering from Pyelonephritis
Costovertebral Tenderness
Side effect of Fluoroquinolone is what
(classic Pyelonephritis drug)
A. Muscle Pain
B. GI bleed
C. Hepatotoxicity
D. Tendon Rupture
D. Tendon Rupture
Symptoms of MS
Urinary retention Constipation Nystagmus tinitus speech issues
Remitting and relapsing. Patient presents with multiple neurologic complaints that are separate in time and space; A disease in which the immune system eats away at the protective covering of nerves
Multiple Sclerosis
30 year old female has scanning speech, nystagmus, and intranuclear ophthalmoplegia. What condition dose this patient suffer from
Multiple Sclerosis
MS patients are sensitive to what type of weather
Hot weather
***also hot shower
After taking a hot shower the parasitic infection that gets worse/more itchy is ______
Scabies
Most common area for scabies on the body
between fingers
wrists
genital area
butt
