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2 Dermatology > Basic Skin Immunology > Flashcards

Basic Skin Immunology Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Name some structural factors that contribute to the skin’s immunological system

A

keratin layer, stratification

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2
Q

Name some cellular factors that contribute to the skin’s immunological system

A

immune system cells, keratinocytes, cytokines, chemokines, eicosanoids, antimicrobial peptides

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3
Q

What are the main differences between innate and adaptive immunity

A

INNATE- no memory
ADAPTIVE- memory

INNATE- non-specific
ADAPTIVE- v specific

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4
Q

How is the keratin layer formed

A

terminal differentiation of keratinocytes to corneocytes

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5
Q

Name some important structural proteins of the keratin layer and epidermis

A

Filaggrin, involucrin, keratin

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6
Q

Another name for the keratin layer?

A

Stratum corneum

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7
Q

How do keratinocytes protect the epidermis from pathogens?

A

SENSE pathogend via cell surface receptors, PRODUCE antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), cytokines and chemokines

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8
Q

Role of cytokines and chemokines?

A

Recruit and regulate cells of the adaptive and innate immune system

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9
Q

What happens in allergic contact dermatitis?

A

Keratinocytes are activated by a sensitiser eg soap. An immune response involving AMPs, cytokines and chemokines is then triggered

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10
Q

What are langerhans cells?

A

Dendritic cells that intersperse with keratinocytes in the epidermis. They are the main skin resident immune cell.

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11
Q

How do langerhans cells play a role in immune defence?

A

Present antigens to effector T cells in order to activate T cells

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12
Q

Main T cells found in epidermis

A

CD8+

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13
Q

Main T cells found in dermis

A

CD4+ and CD8+

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14
Q

Main T cells involved in psoriasis

A

CD4+ TH1 and TH17 cells

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15
Q

Main T cells involved in atopic dermatitis?

A

CD4+ TH2 and TH14 cells

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16
Q

What is CD4+ Th1 cells’ main role in immunity? What do they make?

A

Activate macrophages by producing cytokines IL-1 and IFNy

17
Q

What is CD4+ Th2 cells’ main role in immunity? What do they make?

A

Help B cells to make Ab’s by producing cytokines IL4,5,6

18
Q

What is CD8+ cells’ main role in immunity?

A

Kill infected cells directly; protect against viruses and cancer

19
Q

Name the 2 types of dendritic cell in the dermis

A

Dermal DC and Plasmacytoid DC (pDC)

20
Q

How do the 2 types of dendritic cell in the dermis differ?

A

Dermal- involved in antigen presentation and cyto/chemokine production

pDC- produce IFNa

21
Q

What is the major histocompatibility complex or MHC?

A

Group of genes that code for proteins found on the surfaces of cells that help the immune system recognise foreign substances

22
Q

Difference between MHC class 1 and 2?

A

1- on all cells, presents ENDOGENOUS Ag to CYTOTOXIC T cells

2- found on B cells and macrophages, present EXOGENOUS Ag to TH1 cells

23
Q

Skin conditions associated with an inappropriate immune response

A 
Psoriasis
Atopic dermatitis
Bullous pemphygoid
Contact dermatitis
Systemic sclerosis
Urticaria
SLE
Skin cancer
24
Q

Common side conditions of psoriasis

A

Arthritis and joint problems

25
Q

What factors are known to trigger psoriasis?

A

bacterial pharyngitis, skin trauma, HIV infection, psychological stress, B blockers, lithium, genetics

26
Q

What happens to keratinocytes when they are under stress?

A

Release factors that stimulate pDC to produce IFNa; Release IL1/6 and TNF

27
Q

What happens to dendritic cells in psoriasis?

A

Are attracted by signals and migrate to skin draining lymph node to present to and activate T cells

28
Q

What is the role of T cells in psoriasis?

A

Stimulate keratinocyte proliferation, AMP release and chemokines

29
Q

Why is the skin barrier impaired in atopic eczema?

A

Less AMP in skin

30
Q

Main antibody involved in Type 1 hypersensitivity

A

IgE

31
Q

Main antibodies of type 2 and 3 hypersensitivity

A

IgG, IgM

32
Q

Main antibodies of type 4 hypersensitivity

A

TH1 cells

33
Q

When is the peak of a type 4 hypersensitivity reaction in terms of time

A

24-48h after contact with allergen

2 Dermatology (27 decks)

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