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Archaeology > Arch. Final Section V > Flashcards

Arch. Final Section V Flashcards

1
Q

political entity united diverse societies and culture under single supreme ruler (the emperor)

A

Empire

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2
Q

characteristics of an empire (2) (CR)

A

1) core-periphery relations

2) regulated through force and communication

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3
Q

where is the Inca Empire and when?

A

South America (Chile to Ecuador) 1476-1533AD

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4
Q

what type of environment is the Inca empire?

A

environmentally diverse

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5
Q

who was part of the Inca Empire?

A

12 million people from 80 (conquered) provices

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6
Q

How was the Inca empire seen in terms of language?

A

linguistically diverse (a lot of different languages)

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7
Q

what did the Inca Empire emerge from?

A

earlier states (conquest and alliances)

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8
Q

what type of economy is there in the Inca Empire?

A

Tribute economy

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9
Q

how is a tribute economy enforced in the Inca empire?

A

taxes: textiles and labor

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10
Q

who was the ruler of the Inca empire?

A

The Inca

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11
Q

supreme ruler (always male) leader of the Inca Empire

A

The Inca

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12
Q

what happens to the Inca after they die?

A

they are mummified and worshiped

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13
Q

what happens to the Inca’s wealth after they die?

A

passes wealth to descendents but not the next inca

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14
Q

what is the imperial capital of the Inca empire?

A

Cuzco

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15
Q

characteristics of the imperial capital (Cuzco)

A

1) cutstone masonry

2) labor tax (20,000 over decades)

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16
Q

what were roads for in the Inca Empire?

A

communication and trade and conquest

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17
Q

charcteristics of roads in the Inca Empire

A

1) 40,000 km

2) stone lined

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18
Q

how were roads built?

A

corvee (labor)

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19
Q

types of bridges of the inca empire

A

1) floating

2) suspension (some 45m. long)

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20
Q

how often were way stations seen in the Inca Empire?

A

every 6-9 km along the road

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21
Q

what were the way stations for? (4) (ATLB)

A

1) administration
2) trade
3) lodge
4) barracks (military)

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22
Q

characteristics of warfare in the Inca Empire

A

1) 10k+ troops
2) multi-ethnic forces
3) massed frontal assaults

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23
Q

what did mass frontal assualts consist of?

A

arrows, slings, spears and clubs. hand-to-hand

24
Q

was there a known written language in the Inca empire?

25
Q

what was something that people believed represented language in the Inca Empire?

A

Kipus (knotted cords)

26
Q

characteristics of Kipus (knotted cords) (4) (UPPP)

A

`1) undeciphered

2) possibly coded language
3) possible accounting
4) possibly stories

27
Q

when did the spanish conquest occur in the Inca Empire?

28
Q

who came for the Spanish Conquest in the Inca Empire?

A

Pizarro + 168 men + 1 cannon + 27 horses

29
Q

what did the Spanish conquest cause in the Inca Empire? (2) (SU)

A

1) strife within Empire + smallpox

2) unrest= native allies for Pizzaro

30
Q

where did the Aztec empire occur and when?

A

Central Mexico from 1325-1519AD

31
Q

how big was the Aztec empire?

A

200,000square km

32
Q

characteristics of Aztec Empire (4) (6LCT)

A

1) 6-10 Million people
2) linguistically diverse
3) cultural/religious assimilation not requred
4) Tribute economy

33
Q

what type of origins do the Aztec empire have?

A

mythic origins

34
Q

what type of people are there in the Aztec Empire showing their mythic origins?

A

Nomadic people followed war G-d to Basin of Mexico in AD 1193

35
Q

what did the Nomads in the Aztec empire find?

A

Tenochtitlan (Lake Texxcoco)

36
Q

what type of people were the nomads in the Aztec empire?

A

mercenaries

37
Q

what did the first Aztec kings do?

A

subjugates surrounding city-states

38
Q

in terms of warfare what type of society was the Aztec empire?

A

a militeristic society

39
Q

what were military school for in the Aztec empire?

A

commonors (men and women)

40
Q

what type of warrior societies did the Aztec Empire have?

A

1) eagle

2) jaguar

41
Q

what does military success do for the Aztec Empire?

A

improve social standing

42
Q

characteristics of warfare in the Aztec Empire? (4) (SMTA)

A

1) Spy network
2) messenger relay
3) tribute provide campaign supplies
4) army approx. 500,000

43
Q

what did Aztec capital’s Tenochtitlan include? (5) (PMASR)

A

1) Palaces
2) marketplace
3) aqueducts
4) sewage systems
5) religious architecture

44
Q

what at Tenochtitlan made it more livable?

A

swamps drained and Chinpas built

45
Q

how were swamps drained and chinpas built in the Aztec Empire?

A

raised fields/ “floating gardens”

46
Q

characteristics of Templo Mayer (heart of the City) (3) (PCS)

A

1) pyramid for the patron G-ds
2) Cosmic center of the Universe
3) site of human sacrifice

47
Q

characteristics of human sacrifice in the Aztec Empire (3) (DHO)

A

1) Dieties keep cosmic-order- sacrifice selves to create universe
2) human sustain them via ritual
3) offerings of tonalli- life force

48
Q

what were reasons for human sacrifice in the Aztec empire? (2) (PE)

A

1) progmatic= domination/ritual intimidation

2) extension of the idea of tribute

49
Q

what is an extension to the idea of tribute?

A

1) when material tribute remains were refused

2) when rebellion led to war (captive warriors)

50
Q

when was the Aztec Empire conquested?

51
Q

who conquested the Aztec empire?

A

Herman Cortes + small force

52
Q

what did Cortes capture when he conquested the aztec empire?

53
Q

who did Herman Cortes conquer the Aztec Empire with?

A

native allies

54
Q

what did the conquest of theAztec Empire cause?

55
Q

how does an empire differ from a state?

A

Empires tend to incorporate multiple linguistic, ethnic and political groups into one entity

Archaeology (18 decks)

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