Approaches Year 2 Flashcards
what are 4 assumptions of the psychodynamic approach?
- behaviour and feelings is caused by unconscious processes
- much of what is in the unconscious comes from childhood experiences
- there are 3 parts to the personality - the Id, ego and superego
- behaviour is influenced by two instincts: ero - the life instinct and thantos the death instinct
what is the ID in our personality?
pleasure principle -‘devil’ comes first when we are born and seeks pleasure e.g. if you need the toilet you will go anywhere
what is the ego in our personality?
reality principle - referee between ID and superego. able to see things right and wrong
what is the superego in our personality?
morality principle - ‘angel’ comes at 2 years old
what type of personality would you have if the ID dominates?
selfish, self-centred, childish
what type of personality would you have if the superego dominates?
feeling guilty, self righteous, moral
what are the three defence mechanisms?
- repression
- deinal
- displacement
what is meant by the defence mechanism repression?
used to hide distressing memories, ego buries memory in unconscious mind but can still effect behaviour in undesirable ways
what is meant by the defence mechanism denial?
blocks reality out of a situation that is hard to face up to, e.g. someone fat may protest they don’t have an eating problem so they don’t diet
what is meant by the defence mechanism displacement?
used to redirect emotions that the conscious mind cannot face up to - redirected onto a different object or person
what are the 5 psychosexual stages?
- oral 0-2
- anal 2-3
- phallic 3-6
- latency 6-12
- genital 12+
what is a strength of the psychodynamic approach? 1
evidence to support he idea of repression - gathered longitudinal data from African American women who as children had disclosed sexual abuse. 38% of women did not recall abuse when asked about it 17 years later.
what is a strength of the psychodynamic approach? 2
case study of little Hans - 5 yr old developed phobia of horses after seeing one collapse in the street - his actual phobia was of his dad but had displaced it onto horses - was actually feared of castration
what is a criticism of the psychodynamic approach? 1
use of case study - cannot generalise findings
what is a criticism of the psychodynamic approach? 2
lacks falsifiability - parts of the personality - therefore scientific methods cannot be used to disprove their existence - cannot be regarded scientific and deterministic
what is a practical application for the psychodynamic approach?
psychoanalysis - new therapy uncover the contents of the unconscious mind and helps people deal with unresolved problems
what are the three basic assumptions of the humanistic approach?
- individuals behaviour can only be properly understood by taking into consideration ALL aspects of their lives
- people have free will - we make conscious decisions to behave in certain ways
- people are striving to reach their full potential or self actualisation
what is meant by self actualisation
individual experiences feelings of extreme satisfaction and well-being
who came up with the hierarchy of needs and what is needed to meet the top- self actualisation?
Maslow
physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem = self actualisation
what is meant by focus on self in humanistic psychology?
how we regard ourselves as an individual. 2 different selves, one is our self concept affected by our self esteem its how we see ourselves and our ideal self is what we wish we were like
what is meant by congruence?
when our self concept and self actualisation are very similar - the closer these two versions are, the grater the individuals feelings of self worth
what is meant by the role of conditions of worth?
the conditions an individual thinks they have to meet in order to be loved and valued.
what is a strength of the humanistic approach?
evidence for conditions of worth having negative impact on personal growth. teenagers who feel they have to meet certain conditions to gain approval from parents often end up not liking themselves
what is a weakness of he humanistic approach?
culturally biased - represent societies such as Europe and USA for example self actualisation is achieved through contributions to the community rather than personal growth
what is a practical application for the humanistic approach?
client centred therapy & economic and business growth development could be encouraged by focus on addressing the higher needs of citizens and employees
