Antiviral highlighted Flashcards
What is the structure of most anti-herpetics?
Nucleoside/nucleotide analogs
What activates acyclovir?
Monophosphorylation by viral TK
What is the difference between acyclovir and penciclovir?
Penciclovir is less potent but has a longer half-life (good for long-term treatment of herpes)
What activates ganciclovir?
CMV phosphotransferase
Side effects of ganciclovir
Neutropenia
Thrombocytopenia
Leukopenia
What must be administered with cidofovir to limit nephrotoxicity?
Probenecid
Does cidofovir cross BBB?
No
Foscarnet side effects
Nephrotoxicity
Hypocalcemia
Does foscarnet need TK activation?
No
What is the leading infectious cause of blindness?
Ocular HSV keratitis
Against which disease do amantidine and rimantidine work?
Influenza A
What is oseltamivir and zanamivir’s target?
Neuraminidase
Standard of care for HCV
PEG IFN a and ribavirin
Predominant IFN in US
a
Dose limiting toxicities of ribavirin
Hemolytic anemia, marrow suppression, teratogen
What drugs does maraviroc interact with?
CYP metabolites
Who can take enfurtivide?
Adults with HIV replication despite treatment
What do NRTIs inhibit?
HIV RT (selectively over cellular polymerase)
What aspect of NRTIs causes a negative effect?
Inhibition of mitochondrial polymerase
Do NRTIs have a long or short half life
LONG (relative to parent compound)
Which NRTIs cannot be combined
Stavudine and zidovudine
What drugs do NNRTIs interact with?
CYP metabolites
Use for acyclovir
HSV, VZV, Shingles
Use for penciclovir
Shingles (less potent, longer half life)
Use for ganciclovir
CMV
Use for cidofovir/foscarnet
Resistance
