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Pharmacology > Anti Microbials > Flashcards

Anti Microbials Flashcards

1
Q

Att first line drugs

A

HRZE
isoniazid
Rifampicim
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

Streptomycin- no longer used

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2
Q

Second line tb drugs

A

Grp A - BLL- Bedaquiline, linezolid, levofloxacin
Grp B- CC - Clofazimine, cycloserine
Grp C- DAMPEER- Delamanid, Amikacin, meropenum/ imperem, PAS, Ethionamide, Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide

Other- thioacetazone, canamycim, kapreomycin, fluoroquinoloned

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3
Q

Types of drug resistant tb

A

Isoniazid resist
Rifampicin rest
Mdr Tb
Pre XDR TB
Xdr TB

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4
Q

Side effects of isoniazid

A

NO HASH TAG
Neurotoxicity
Optic neuritis
Hepatotoxicity
Anemia
Sle/ dle
Hallucinations
Temp memory loss
Arthralgia
Gynaecomastia

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5
Q

Isoniazid toxicity

A

Fatal dose- 1.5 g
Triad- seizures, metabolic acidosis, coma
Tt- pyridoxine- 100 mg

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6
Q

Rifampicin interactions

A

Ocp failure
Warfarin resistance
Isoniazid hepatotoxicity inc
Hiv - failure tt

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7
Q

Adverse effects of rifampicin

A

NOHH
nausea, vomiting
Orange red colour urine
Hepatotoxicity
Hypersensitivity

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8
Q

Uses of rifampicin

A

T LAMBDA
Tb
Leprosy
Anthrax
Meningitis
Brucellosis
Diptheria
All staph

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9
Q

Pyrazinamide used only in tb ?

A

Bcoz very toxic- hepatotoxic, hyperuricemia, gout

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10
Q

Only static 1st line drug

A

Ethambutol

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11
Q

A/e pf ethambutol

A

Eyes- red green colour blindness
Retro bulbar optic neuritis
Reduced visual activity- painless vison loss

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12
Q

Vir b6 given with which ATT

A

Isoniazid
Cycloserine
Ethionamide

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13
Q

Tb treatment

A

1st line- intensive phase - 2mon- continuation phase- 4 mon- hrze given daily- hre given daily

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14
Q

Tb prophylaxis

A

Isoniazid- 5- adult
10 mg child- od- 6- 9 months
Rifampicin- 10 mg - adult, 15- child- OD- 4 months
H+R - same dose- OD × 4 months

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15
Q

Tb in preg

A

HRZE given
aminoglycosides- CI cause ototoxicity

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16
Q

Tb with hiv coinfection

A

1st stat ATT after 2- 8 wks - ART
Rifampicin not given with nnrti, integrase inhibitor, protease inhibitor

Safely given with - nrti, nnrti- efavirenz
So if these drugs given - changed to rifabutin

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17
Q

Tt of drug resistant tb

A

Isoniazid rest- HRZE+ LEVOFLOXACIN- 6 months
Rifampicin rest- mdr tb like

Mdr tb- BPal- M regimen × 6 months

Pre XDR- Bpal× 6 mon

XDR- TB- no drug

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18
Q

B Pal M regimen

A

Bedaquiline- 400mg- 200 mg after 3 wks
Pretomanid- 200mg
Liinezolid- 600 mg
Moxifloxacin

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19
Q

Leprosy tt

A

Rifampicin, dapsone, clofazimine
Rdc × 6 mon - paucibacillary
RDC× 12 mon- multibacillary

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20
Q

2nd line drugs for leprosy

A

COME- clarithromycin
Ofloxacin
Minoxycline
Ethionamide

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21
Q

Post exposure leprosy prophylaxis

A

Rifampicin- 600 mg

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22
Q

Vaccine for leprosy

A

Bcg
Mip- mycobacterium indiicus prances

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23
Q

Dapsone uses

A

Leprosy
PMT- Pneumocystis, Madura foot, toxoplasma

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24
Q

Dapsone s/e

A

Acetylatiom,
Hemolytic anemia
G6pd def

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25
Q

Folic acid inhibitors

A

Folate syn inhibitors- DP
dapsone
PAS

DHFR Inhibitor- TPP
Trimethoprim
Proguanil
Pyrimethamine

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26
Q

Cidal comb of sulphonamides

A

Sulfadoxine+ pyremethamine= tt of malaria

Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine = doc for toxoplasma gondi

Sulffamethoxazole + trimethoprim= cotrimlxazole- 5:1

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27
Q

Cotrimoxazole uses

A

PINT CUP
pneumocystis jirrovecii
Isospora, cyclospora
Nocardia
Typhoid
Cystitis
UTI
prostatitis

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28
Q

S/ e pf sulphonamides

A

Rash ABC-
rashes- stevem johnson syndrome
Aplastic anemia
Slow acetylator
Hemolysis- g6pd
Altered taste
Bilirubin displaced from albumin
Crystalluria in urine

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29
Q

Sulphonamides

A

Systemic- sulfadiazine,
Sulfacystine,
Sulfamethhoxazole
Ssulfadoxine
Topical creams- silver sulfadiazine, mafenide
Topical eye drops- silver sulfadiazine, sulfaacetamide

Topical - sulfasalazine

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30
Q

Antibiotics safe in preg

A

PCM- Penicillin
Cephalosporin
Macrolides

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31
Q

Ab unsafe in preg-

A

FATS-
Fluroquinolones
Aminoglycosides- ototoxicity
Tetracyclines- bone defect
Sulphonamides- kerniicterus

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32
Q

Drugs with CDK+ LONG PAE

A

MARS
Metronidazole
Aminoglycosides
Rifampicin
Streptogramin

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33
Q

CDTK+ LONG PAE

A

Fluoroqinolone
Daptomycin

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34
Q

TDK + LONG PAE

A

Azithromycin
Tetracycline

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35
Q

TDK + Short PAE

A

Clindamycin
Penicillin
Eryythromycin

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36
Q

Classification of antimic

A

Structure- Aminoglycosides
Beta lactams
Tetracyclines
Sulfonamides
Fluroquinolones

Activity- Cidal- betalactams, vancomycin, fluroquinolones, aminoglycosides,
Static-

Based on Mech of action-
Cell wall inhibitors
Membrane acting
Prtn inhibitors
Metabolism inhibitors
Dna gyrase inhibitors

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37
Q

Mechm of acquired amr

A
  1. Enzymes- Aminoglycosides, beta lactams, chloramphenicol
  2. Altered drug target- mrsa, vrsa, Fluroquinolones
  3. Efflux pumps- Tetracyclines, tigacycline
  4. Altered metabolism- sulfonamides
  5. Decrease permeability- Aminoglycosides
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38
Q

Doc for pseudomembranous colitis

A

Fidaxomycin
Toxin- bezlotoxumab

39
Q

CDK drugs

A

Aminoglycosides nd Fluroquinolones

40
Q

Tdk drugs

A

Beta lactams nd vancomycin

41
Q

PAE-

A

Post antibiotic effect - time when bact is not able to show growth even when conc is below mic

42
Q

Drugs with long pae against g neg bact

A

Fq,
Prtn syn inhibitors

43
Q

Cell wall inhibitors

A

Firmly Bind to Bact Cell Wall
Fosfomycin
Beta lactams
Bacitracin
Cycloserine
Vancomycin

44
Q

Beta lactams

A

PCM-
penicillin
Cephalosporina
Carbapenems
Monobactams

45
Q

Penicillin g limitations

A

Cant be given orally
Short acting
Resistance devlpd
Allergy
Narrow spectrum

46
Q

Acid rest oral penicillin

A

VODCA
penicillin v
Oxacillin
Dicloxacillin
Clocacillin
Ampicillin
Amoxycillin

47
Q

Wide spectrum penicillins

A

A city map
Ampicillin
Carbenicillin
Ticarcillin
Mezlocillin
Azlocillin
Piperacillin
MAP- Eff against klebsiella

48
Q

Penicillinase rest penicillins

A

CONDOM
Cloxacillin
Oxacillin
Nafcillin
Dicloxacillin
Methicillin

49
Q

Indication of penicillin

A

Last man
Listeria
Actinomycosis
Syphilis
Tetanus
Meningococcus
Anthrax

50
Q

Syphillis doc

A

Benzathine penicillin G 2.4 mill units im

51
Q

Jarish hexhiemers reaction

A

Penicillin when given to treat syphillis or leptospirosis- due to rls of chemicals by bact causing immune resp

52
Q

Meningococci

A

Tt- def- penicillin g
Empirical- ceftriaxone
Prophylaxis- rifampicin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin

53
Q

Doc for mass chemoprophylaxis of meningococcal meningtitis

A

Ciprofloxacin

54
Q

Doc for gonococcal urethritis

A

Ceftriaxone

55
Q

Cephalosporins

A

1st gen- Cefa
Cefazolin
Cefalexin
Cefadroxil
Cefalothin
Cefaloridine

2nd gen-
Cefuroxime
Cefoxitin
Cefomandole
Cefaclor

3rd gen - Me one ten
Cefixime
Cefotaxime
Ceftizoxime
Cefpodoxime
Cefoperazone
Ceftriaxone
Ceftibuten
Maxalactam

4th- gen- pi
Cefepime
Cefpirome

5th gen- rol
Ceftibiprole
Ceftaroline

56
Q

Ceph secreted in bile

A

Cefperazone
Ceftriaxone

57
Q

Anti pseudomonal cephalosporins

A

Cefepime
Cefpirome
Cefoperazome
Ceftazidime

58
Q

Disulfiram like reaction causing cephalosporins

A

Cefoperazone
Moxalactam
Cefoxitin

59
Q

Hyperprothrombinemia

A

Cefoperazone
Cefoxitin

60
Q

Carbapenems

A

I med
Imipenem- given with cilastatin
Meropenem
Ertapenem
Doripenem
Faropenem

61
Q

New delhi metallo beta lactamase producing bact doc

A

Colistin

62
Q

Monobactam

A

Only drug- aztreonam
Eff against g neg

63
Q

Monobactam

A

Only drug- aztreonam
Eff against g neg

64
Q

Vancomycin A/E

A

Cant be given orally
Rls histamine- Red man
Ototoxic
Nephrotoxic
Not eff against psudomonas

65
Q

Vancomycin indications

A

Doc for mrsa inf

66
Q

Protein syn inhibitors

A

Tetracyclines
Chloramphenicol
Aminoglycosides
Macrolides
Clindamycin
Quinpristine

67
Q

Tetracyclines

A

Tetracycline
Oxytetracycline
Chlortetracycline
Demeclocycline- most phototoxix
Doxycycline- safe in renal ds
Minocycline- highest vestibular dysfunction

68
Q

Adverse effects of Tetracyclines

A

KAPIL DEV
Kidney failure
Anti anabolic
Phototoxic
Insipidus diabetes
Liver failure
Dentition nd bone prob
Expiry- fanconi synd
Vestibular dysfunction

69
Q

Uses of Tetracyclines

A

SRI LANKA
siadh
Rickettsia
Inguinal granuloma
Lgv
Atypical pneumonia
Cholera- doc
Amoebiasis

70
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

Bacteriostatic
Bm supression
Grey baby syndrome
Used in meningitis

71
Q

Macrolides

A

Erythromycin
Fidaxomycin
Clarithromycin
Azithromycin
Roxithromycin
Spiramycin

72
Q

Indication of macrolides

A

CLAP
corneybacterium, chancroid
Legionella
Atypical pneumonia
Pertusis

73
Q

Adverse effects of macrolides

A

MACRO
Motilin receptor stimulant
Allergy
Cholestasis
Reversible ototoxicity

74
Q

Toxoplasma in pregnancy tt

A

Spiramycin

75
Q

Uses pf clindamycin

A

CAP
cocci
Anerobes
Parasites- pneumocystis, malaria, toxoplasma

76
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

Streptomycin
Neomycin
Gentamycin
Kanamycin
Capreomycin
Amikacin

77
Q

S/e pf Aminoglycosides

A

Not ab orally
Not eff on anaerobic bact
Nephrotoxic- neomycin
Ototoxic- auditary- amikacin
Vestibular- Streptomycin
Cause neuromuscular blockade- neomycin

78
Q

Neomycin used

A

Hepatic coma- gut sterilisation

79
Q

Streptomycin used for

A

Ttp
Tb, tularemia, plague

80
Q

Dna gyrase inhibitors

A

Nalidixix acid
Fluroquinolones

81
Q

Fluroquinolones

A

Norfloxacin
Ofloxacin
Gatifloxacin
Ciprofloxacin
Pefloxacin
Levofloxacin
Moxifloxacin

82
Q

C/i

A

Pregnancy
Children
Cause- seizures
Renal failure

83
Q

Resp fluoroquinolones

A

OMGL-
Ofloxacin
Moxifloxacin
Gatifloxacin
Levofloxacin

84
Q

Malaria stages

A

Pro erythrocytic
Erythrocytic
Exo erythrocytic
Gametocytic

85
Q

Anti malarial drugs faster acting

A

Machar
Mefloquine
Atavaquine
Chloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine
Artemisinin
Res- Q

86
Q

Slower acting anti malarial

A

Dcp sp
Doxycycline
Clindamycin
Proguanil
Sulfaxime
Pyrimethamine

87
Q

Doc for all malarias inc preg

A

Chloroquine- 600 mg stat
300 mg after 8hrs

88
Q

Drug with the highest vd

A

Chloroquin= 1,500 l

89
Q

Adverse effects of cq

A

Hcq
Headache hypertension
Coma, convulsions
Qt prolongation
>3 yrs bulls eye retinopathy

90
Q

Uses of cq

A

Malaria gp
Malaria
Amoebic liver abcess
Lepra reaction
Atopic dermatitis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Inf mononucleosis
Autoimm ds
Photogenic reaction
Giardiasis

91
Q

Doc in cq resist cases

A

Quinine- 600 mg tds for 7 days

92
Q

S/e of quinine

A

Chabi
Cinchonism
Headache
Arythmia
Black water fever
Indigestion

93
Q

Doc for chemoprophylaxis of malaria

A

Mefloquin250 mg

94
Q

A/e of mefloquin

A

Hamas
Headache
Auditory disturbance
Mood alteration
Anxiety
Seizures

Pharmacology (18 decks)

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