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Anti Microbials Flashcards

1
Q

Att first line drugs

A

HRZE
isoniazid
Rifampicim
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

Streptomycin- no longer used

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2
Q

Second line tb drugs

A

Grp A - BLL- Bedaquiline, linezolid, levofloxacin
Grp B- CC - Clofazimine, cycloserine
Grp C- DAMPEER- Delamanid, Amikacin, meropenum/ imperem, PAS, Ethionamide, Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide

Other- thioacetazone, canamycim, kapreomycin, fluoroquinoloned

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3
Q

Types of drug resistant tb

A

Isoniazid resist
Rifampicin rest
Mdr Tb
Pre XDR TB
Xdr TB

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4
Q

Side effects of isoniazid

A

NO HASH TAG
Neurotoxicity
Optic neuritis
Hepatotoxicity
Anemia
Sle/ dle
Hallucinations
Temp memory loss
Arthralgia
Gynaecomastia

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5
Q

Isoniazid toxicity

A

Fatal dose- 1.5 g
Triad- seizures, metabolic acidosis, coma
Tt- pyridoxine- 100 mg

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6
Q

Rifampicin interactions

A

Ocp failure
Warfarin resistance
Isoniazid hepatotoxicity inc
Hiv - failure tt

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7
Q

Adverse effects of rifampicin

A

NOHH
nausea, vomiting
Orange red colour urine
Hepatotoxicity
Hypersensitivity

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8
Q

Uses of rifampicin

A

T LAMBDA
Tb
Leprosy
Anthrax
Meningitis
Brucellosis
Diptheria
All staph

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9
Q

Pyrazinamide used only in tb ?

A

Bcoz very toxic- hepatotoxic, hyperuricemia, gout

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10
Q

Only static 1st line drug

A

Ethambutol

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11
Q

A/e pf ethambutol

A

Eyes- red green colour blindness
Retro bulbar optic neuritis
Reduced visual activity- painless vison loss

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12
Q

Vir b6 given with which ATT

A

Isoniazid
Cycloserine
Ethionamide

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13
Q

Tb treatment

A

1st line- intensive phase - 2mon- continuation phase- 4 mon- hrze given daily- hre given daily

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14
Q

Tb prophylaxis

A

Isoniazid- 5- adult
10 mg child- od- 6- 9 months
Rifampicin- 10 mg - adult, 15- child- OD- 4 months
H+R - same dose- OD × 4 months

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15
Q

Tb in preg

A

HRZE given
aminoglycosides- CI cause ototoxicity

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16
Q

Tb with hiv coinfection

A

1st stat ATT after 2- 8 wks - ART
Rifampicin not given with nnrti, integrase inhibitor, protease inhibitor

Safely given with - nrti, nnrti- efavirenz
So if these drugs given - changed to rifabutin

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17
Q

Tt of drug resistant tb

A

Isoniazid rest- HRZE+ LEVOFLOXACIN- 6 months
Rifampicin rest- mdr tb like

Mdr tb- BPal- M regimen × 6 months

Pre XDR- Bpal× 6 mon

XDR- TB- no drug

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18
Q

B Pal M regimen

A

Bedaquiline- 400mg- 200 mg after 3 wks
Pretomanid- 200mg
Liinezolid- 600 mg
Moxifloxacin

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19
Q

Leprosy tt

A

Rifampicin, dapsone, clofazimine
Rdc × 6 mon - paucibacillary
RDC× 12 mon- multibacillary

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20
Q

2nd line drugs for leprosy

A

COME- clarithromycin
Ofloxacin
Minoxycline
Ethionamide

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21
Q

Post exposure leprosy prophylaxis

A

Rifampicin- 600 mg

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22
Q

Vaccine for leprosy

A

Bcg
Mip- mycobacterium indiicus prances

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23
Q

Dapsone uses

A

Leprosy
PMT- Pneumocystis, Madura foot, toxoplasma

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24
Q

Dapsone s/e

A

Acetylatiom,
Hemolytic anemia
G6pd def

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25
Folic acid inhibitors
Folate syn inhibitors- DP dapsone PAS DHFR Inhibitor- TPP Trimethoprim Proguanil Pyrimethamine
26
Cidal comb of sulphonamides
Sulfadoxine+ pyremethamine= tt of malaria Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine = doc for toxoplasma gondi Sulffamethoxazole + trimethoprim= cotrimlxazole- 5:1
27
Cotrimoxazole uses
PINT CUP pneumocystis jirrovecii Isospora, cyclospora Nocardia Typhoid Cystitis UTI prostatitis
28
S/ e pf sulphonamides
Rash ABC- rashes- stevem johnson syndrome Aplastic anemia Slow acetylator Hemolysis- g6pd Altered taste Bilirubin displaced from albumin Crystalluria in urine
29
Sulphonamides
Systemic- sulfadiazine, Sulfacystine, Sulfamethhoxazole Ssulfadoxine Topical creams- silver sulfadiazine, mafenide Topical eye drops- silver sulfadiazine, sulfaacetamide Topical - sulfasalazine
30
Antibiotics safe in preg
PCM- Penicillin Cephalosporin Macrolides
31
Ab unsafe in preg-
FATS- Fluroquinolones Aminoglycosides- ototoxicity Tetracyclines- bone defect Sulphonamides- kerniicterus
32
Drugs with CDK+ LONG PAE
MARS Metronidazole Aminoglycosides Rifampicin Streptogramin
33
CDTK+ LONG PAE
Fluoroqinolone Daptomycin
34
TDK + LONG PAE
Azithromycin Tetracycline
35
TDK + Short PAE
Clindamycin Penicillin Eryythromycin
36
Classification of antimic
Structure- Aminoglycosides Beta lactams Tetracyclines Sulfonamides Fluroquinolones Activity- Cidal- betalactams, vancomycin, fluroquinolones, aminoglycosides, Static- Based on Mech of action- Cell wall inhibitors Membrane acting Prtn inhibitors Metabolism inhibitors Dna gyrase inhibitors
37
Mechm of acquired amr
1. Enzymes- Aminoglycosides, beta lactams, chloramphenicol 2. Altered drug target- mrsa, vrsa, Fluroquinolones 3. Efflux pumps- Tetracyclines, tigacycline 4. Altered metabolism- sulfonamides 5. Decrease permeability- Aminoglycosides
38
Doc for pseudomembranous colitis
Fidaxomycin Toxin- bezlotoxumab
39
CDK drugs
Aminoglycosides nd Fluroquinolones
40
Tdk drugs
Beta lactams nd vancomycin
41
PAE-
Post antibiotic effect - time when bact is not able to show growth even when conc is below mic
42
Drugs with long pae against g neg bact
Fq, Prtn syn inhibitors
43
Cell wall inhibitors
Firmly Bind to Bact Cell Wall Fosfomycin Beta lactams Bacitracin Cycloserine Vancomycin
44
Beta lactams
PCM- penicillin Cephalosporina Carbapenems Monobactams
45
Penicillin g limitations
Cant be given orally Short acting Resistance devlpd Allergy Narrow spectrum
46
Acid rest oral penicillin
VODCA penicillin v Oxacillin Dicloxacillin Clocacillin Ampicillin Amoxycillin
47
Wide spectrum penicillins
A city map Ampicillin Carbenicillin Ticarcillin Mezlocillin Azlocillin Piperacillin MAP- Eff against klebsiella
48
Penicillinase rest penicillins
CONDOM Cloxacillin Oxacillin Nafcillin Dicloxacillin Methicillin
49
Indication of penicillin
Last man Listeria Actinomycosis Syphilis Tetanus Meningococcus Anthrax
50
Syphillis doc
Benzathine penicillin G 2.4 mill units im
51
Jarish hexhiemers reaction
Penicillin when given to treat syphillis or leptospirosis- due to rls of chemicals by bact causing immune resp
52
Meningococci
Tt- def- penicillin g Empirical- ceftriaxone Prophylaxis- rifampicin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin
53
Doc for mass chemoprophylaxis of meningococcal meningtitis
Ciprofloxacin
54
Doc for gonococcal urethritis
Ceftriaxone
55
Cephalosporins
1st gen- Cefa Cefazolin Cefalexin Cefadroxil Cefalothin Cefaloridine 2nd gen- Cefuroxime Cefoxitin Cefomandole Cefaclor 3rd gen - Me one ten Cefixime Cefotaxime Ceftizoxime Cefpodoxime Cefoperazone Ceftriaxone Ceftibuten Maxalactam 4th- gen- pi Cefepime Cefpirome 5th gen- rol Ceftibiprole Ceftaroline
56
Ceph secreted in bile
Cefperazone Ceftriaxone
57
Anti pseudomonal cephalosporins
Cefepime Cefpirome Cefoperazome Ceftazidime
58
Disulfiram like reaction causing cephalosporins
Cefoperazone Moxalactam Cefoxitin
59
Hyperprothrombinemia
Cefoperazone Cefoxitin
60
Carbapenems
I med Imipenem- given with cilastatin Meropenem Ertapenem Doripenem Faropenem
61
New delhi metallo beta lactamase producing bact doc
Colistin
62
Monobactam
Only drug- aztreonam Eff against g neg
63
Monobactam
Only drug- aztreonam Eff against g neg
64
Vancomycin A/E
Cant be given orally Rls histamine- Red man Ototoxic Nephrotoxic Not eff against psudomonas
65
Vancomycin indications
Doc for mrsa inf
66
Protein syn inhibitors
Tetracyclines Chloramphenicol Aminoglycosides Macrolides Clindamycin Quinpristine
67
Tetracyclines
Tetracycline Oxytetracycline Chlortetracycline Demeclocycline- most phototoxix Doxycycline- safe in renal ds Minocycline- highest vestibular dysfunction
68
Adverse effects of Tetracyclines
KAPIL DEV Kidney failure Anti anabolic Phototoxic Insipidus diabetes Liver failure Dentition nd bone prob Expiry- fanconi synd Vestibular dysfunction
69
Uses of Tetracyclines
SRI LANKA siadh Rickettsia Inguinal granuloma Lgv Atypical pneumonia Cholera- doc Amoebiasis
70
Chloramphenicol
Bacteriostatic Bm supression Grey baby syndrome Used in meningitis
71
Macrolides
Erythromycin Fidaxomycin Clarithromycin Azithromycin Roxithromycin Spiramycin
72
Indication of macrolides
CLAP corneybacterium, chancroid Legionella Atypical pneumonia Pertusis
73
Adverse effects of macrolides
MACRO Motilin receptor stimulant Allergy Cholestasis Reversible ototoxicity
74
Toxoplasma in pregnancy tt
Spiramycin
75
Uses pf clindamycin
CAP cocci Anerobes Parasites- pneumocystis, malaria, toxoplasma
76
Aminoglycosides
Streptomycin Neomycin Gentamycin Kanamycin Capreomycin Amikacin
77
S/e pf Aminoglycosides
Not ab orally Not eff on anaerobic bact Nephrotoxic- neomycin Ototoxic- auditary- amikacin Vestibular- Streptomycin Cause neuromuscular blockade- neomycin
78
Neomycin used
Hepatic coma- gut sterilisation
79
Streptomycin used for
Ttp Tb, tularemia, plague
80
Dna gyrase inhibitors
Nalidixix acid Fluroquinolones
81
Fluroquinolones
Norfloxacin Ofloxacin Gatifloxacin Ciprofloxacin Pefloxacin Levofloxacin Moxifloxacin
82
C/i
Pregnancy Children Cause- seizures Renal failure
83
Resp fluoroquinolones
OMGL- Ofloxacin Moxifloxacin Gatifloxacin Levofloxacin
84
Malaria stages
Pro erythrocytic Erythrocytic Exo erythrocytic Gametocytic
85
Anti malarial drugs faster acting
Machar Mefloquine Atavaquine Chloroquine Hydroxychloroquine Artemisinin Res- Q
86
Slower acting anti malarial
Dcp sp Doxycycline Clindamycin Proguanil Sulfaxime Pyrimethamine
87
Doc for all malarias inc preg
Chloroquine- 600 mg stat 300 mg after 8hrs
88
Drug with the highest vd
Chloroquin= 1,500 l
89
Adverse effects of cq
Hcq Headache hypertension Coma, convulsions Qt prolongation >3 yrs bulls eye retinopathy
90
Uses of cq
Malaria gp Malaria Amoebic liver abcess Lepra reaction Atopic dermatitis Rheumatoid arthritis Inf mononucleosis Autoimm ds Photogenic reaction Giardiasis
91
Doc in cq resist cases
Quinine- 600 mg tds for 7 days
92
S/e of quinine
Chabi Cinchonism Headache Arythmia Black water fever Indigestion
93
Doc for chemoprophylaxis of malaria
Mefloquin250 mg
94
A/e of mefloquin
Hamas Headache Auditory disturbance Mood alteration Anxiety Seizures

Pharmacology (18 decks)

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