Anthelmintics (year 2) Flashcards
what are the classes of anthelmintic
1BZ - benzimidazoles 2LEV - imidathiazoles/tetrahydropyrimidines 3ML - macrocyclic lactones 4AD - amino acetonitrile 5SI - spiroindoles
name some benzimidazoles
fenbendazole, albendazole, flubendazole, mebendazole
what is the mode of action of benzimidazoles?
bind to microtubule subunit protein and inhibit microtubule mediated transport of secretory vesicles
are benzimidazoles well absorbed systemically?
no they are poorly absorbed
what parasites are the primarily targeted by benzimidazoles?
nematodes
describe the spectrum of activity of benzimidazoles
ovoidal and effective against hypobiosed larvae
what are some examples of the imidathiazoles/tetrahydropyrimidines?
levamisole, pyrantel, moreantel
what is the mode of action of the 2LEV group?
act on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors to effect somatic muscle cells
are 2LEVs well absorbed systemically?
no they are poorly absorbed
describe the spectrum of activity of the 2LEV group
primarily target nematodes in the gut dwelling stage
short acting
what are the subclasses of the macrocyclic lactones?
avermectins and milbemycins
what are some examples of avermectins?
ivermectin, doramectin, selamectin
what are some examples of milbemycins?
moxidectin, milbemycin oxime
what is the mode of action of macrocyclic lactones?
act on parasites nervous system causing hyperpolarisation via glutamate-gated chloride channels
are macrocyclic lactones well absorbed systemically?
yes they are well absorbed
