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2nd year > Anatomy-Trigeminal Nerve > Flashcards

Anatomy-Trigeminal Nerve Flashcards

1
Q

Name the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Opthalmic

Maxillary

Mandibular

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2
Q

Where does the opthalmic divison of the trigeminal exit the Skull?

A

Supra-orbital notch

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3
Q

Where does the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve exit the skull?

A

Infra-orbital foramen

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4
Q

Where does the mandibular divison of the trigeminal nerve leave the skull?

A

Mental foramen

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5
Q

Label A, B,C

A

A- supra-orbital notch

B- infra-orbital foramen

C- Mental foramen

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6
Q

Label these parts of the palate:

A

A- palatine process of the maxilla

B- Horizontal plate of the palatine bone

C- Incisive Foramen

D- greater palatine foramen

E- Lesser palatine foramen

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7
Q

Label the parts of the mandible

A

A- condylar process

B- Ramus

C- angle

E- mental foramen

F- Body

G- Head

H- Neck

J- coronoid process

K- mandibular foramen

L- lingula

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8
Q

What passes through the mandibular foramen?

A

Inferior alveolar nerve.

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9
Q

Where are teeth found in the jaw?

A

The alveolar process

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10
Q

Where does the trigeminal nerve originate from ?

A

Special visceral efferent nuclei

General somatic Afferent nuclei

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11
Q

Compare the motor and sensory nuclei of the trigeminal nerve.

A

There is 1 divison called the motor nucleus

There are 3 sensory divisons:
Mesencephalic nucleus

Chief sensory nucleus

Spinal nucleus.

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12
Q

Label this diagram:

A

A- motor

B- mesenchephalic

C- chief sensory

D- spinal nucleus.

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13
Q

WHat is the function & location of:

Motor nucleus?

A

LOCATION: pons

Function: muscles of mastication.

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14
Q

Compare the function and location of the Sensory nuclei?

A

Mesencephalic - midbrain - Proprioception

Chief sensory - Pons - discriminative touch

Spinal- medulla Oblongata - temperature and pain?

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15
Q

What is the terminal ganglion?

A

This is what the Sensory and motor nuceli exit the pons to become. This is before the trigeminal nerve divides into 3 divisons.

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16
Q

Where is the terminal ganglion found?

A

In meckle’s cave.

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17
Q

Explain the connection between the nuclei, the terminal ganglion and the Trigeminal nerve divisions.

A

the nuclei join together to become the terminal ganglion which then splits to become the divisions of the trigeminal nerve.

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18
Q

Where does CNV1 pass when it seperates from the trigeminal nerve?

A

Towards the superior orbital fissure.

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19
Q

Where does CNV2 pass when it seperates from the trigeminal nerve?

A

Through the foramen rotundum.

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20
Q

Where does CNV3 pass when it seperates from the trigeminal nerve?

A

Through the foramen ovale.

21
Q

Label this image

A

A- trigeminal ganglion

B- CNV3 foramen ovale

C-CNV2 foramen rotundum

D- CNV1

22
Q

Name the branches of the opthalmic division

A

A- nasociliary

B- lacrimal

C-Frontal

D- supraorbital

E- supratrochlear

F-anterior ethmoidal

G- infratrochlear

H- long ciliary

I- external nasal

23
Q

Two of the branches of the opthalmic nerve are connected.

Which ones and discuss the connection?

A

The anterior ethmoidal continues to the tip of the nose as the external nasal nerve.

24
Q

What is shingles ?

A

reactivation of the dormant chicken pox virus.

25
Q

Name & Discuss this foramen?

A

Foramen rotundum-

This is where the maxillary divison of CNV exits.

This can only be identified on the inner aspect of the skull.

26
Q

Where does the maxillary division divide?

A

Inferior orbital fissure.

27
Q

Name the branches of the zygomatic divison of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Zygomaticotemporal

Zygomaticalfacial.

28
Q

What is the function of the infra-orbital branches?

A

These supply the lower eyelid / cheeks/ upper lip & nose

29
Q

Describe the pathway of the nasopalatine nerve?

A
  1. Nasopalatine nerve
  2. Sphenopalatine foramen
  3. Passes incisive canal to the hard palate.
30
Q

Compare the 3 branches of the Superior alveolar nerve.

A

Anterior superior Alveolar nerve-comes from the infra orbital branch

Middle superior alveolar nerve - comes from the infra orbital branch.

Posterior superior alveolar nerve (its own seperate branch)

31
Q

What does the alveolar nerve do?

A

It provides a nerve supply to the teeth and gums.

32
Q

Label the alveolar nerves.

A

A- anterior superior alveolar nerve

B- Middle superior alveolar nerve

C- posterior superior alevolar nerve

33
Q

Discuss the palatine branches?

A

The palatine branch goes down the palatine canal before spliting into the greater and lesser palatine nerve.

These supply the palate.

34
Q

Label these nerve branches in the palate:

A

A- lesser palatine nerve

B- greater palatine nerve

C- Nasopalatine nerve

35
Q

What is the relevance of the maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve to local anaesthetic?

A

The maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve supplies the teeth and the gums.

36
Q

Label the branches of the Maxillary of the trigeminal

A

A-Infra-orbital

B- zygomaticofacial

C- Zygomaticotemporal

D-Zygomatic

E- Anterior superior alveolar

F- middle superior alveolar

G- posterior superior alveolar

H- greater palatine nerve

I- lesser palatine nerve

J- posterior superior alveolar

K- palatine nerves

L- infra-orbital nerve

M-zygomatic nerve

N- nasal nerve

37
Q

What are the boundaries of the Infra-temporal fossa?

A

Anterior- Posterior aspect of Maxilla

lateral - Ramus of mandible

inferior- angle of mandible

Superior- Infratemporal crest of sphenoid bone

Posterior - Styloid process, mastoid process & tympanic plate

Medial- Lateral Pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone.

38
Q

What are the branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve?

A
  • Inferior alveolar
  • Auriculotemporal
  • Buccal
  • Lingual
  • Mental
  • Muscular
39
Q

Label the branches of the mandibular main trunk

A

A- meningeal branch

B- posterior branch

C- Anterior branch

D-Medial pterygoid

E- tensor tempani

F- Tensor Veli palatini

40
Q

Label this diagram of the anterior trunk of the trigeminal nerve

A

A- Masseteric

B- Deep temporal nerves

C-Lateral pterygoid

D- Buccal nerve

41
Q

Label this diagram of the posterior trunk of the mandibular

A

A- lingual

B- auriculotemporal

C- inferior alveolar

42
Q

Compare the divisions that come from the main branch of the mandibular?

A

Meningeal- sensory

Medial pterygoid -motor

Tensor Tempani -motor

Tensor Veli Palatini-motor

43
Q

Compare the divisions that come from the anterior trunk.

A

Deep temporal branches- motor

Buccal - sensory

Masseteric- motor

Lateral pterygoid- motor

44
Q

Compare the divisions that come from the posterior trunk

A

Lingual- Sensory

auriculotemporal- Sensory

Inferior alveolar- mixed

45
Q

How is the inferior alveolar “mixed”

A

Superior to the mandible the inferior alveolar is mixed sensory and motor.

The nerves then split into a sensory part (becomes mental branch and incisive branch) and a motor branch to the mylohyoid

46
Q

Discuss the lower oral cavity sensory supply:

A

Cheeks and gums- buccal

Posterior lower teeth- main branch of inferior alveolar

Anterior lower teeth- incisive branch of inferior alveolar.

Lower lip and skin of the chin- mental

47
Q

Why can a LA cause the tip of the tongue to go numb?

A

The lingual nerve is located very near the Inferior alveolar nerve.

So the lingual nerve can also be blocked.

48
Q

Discuss the sensory innervation of the anterior 2/3 of tongue.

A

General sensory- temperature and pain - lingual nerve of Mandibular divison of trigeminal.

Special sensory- taste - Chordae tympani of the facial nerve.

49
Q

What anatomical relations are there to an inferior alveolar block & what happens if they are touched?

A
  • Blood vessels- parotid plexus
  • Medial pterygoid - hitting this can cause trismus- muscle spasm- patient cannot open mouth.
  • Parotid gland- if you inject deep enough you hit facial nerve
  • Facial nerve- if hit causes palsy & loss of taste. This should wear off within a day- but need to appologise to patient.

2nd year (63 decks)

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