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Medicine: Anatomy > Anatomy: Proximal lower limb > Flashcards

Anatomy: Proximal lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three compartments of the thigh

A

anterior
medial
posterior

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2
Q

anterior component of thigh innervation and arterial supply

A

innervated by femoral nerve L2-4
arterial by femoral

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3
Q

muscles in the anterior component of the thigh

A

iliopsoas
quadriceps femoris
sartorius
pectineus

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4
Q

label the image

A
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5
Q

components of the iliopsoas

A

posts major and iliacus

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6
Q

location of the iliopsoas

A

arises in the pelvis
under the inguinal
anterior compartment
form common tendon

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7
Q

attachments of the iliopsoas

A

posts major from the lumbar vertebrae
iliacus from the iliac fossa of the pelvis

both then attach onto the lesser trochanter of the femur

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8
Q

actions of the iliopsoas

A

flexion of the thigh at the hip joint

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9
Q

innervation of the psoas major

A

anterior rami of L1-3

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10
Q

innervation of the iliacus

A

femoral nerve

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11
Q

components of the quadriceps femoris

A

4 individual muscles
vastus lateralis
vastus intermdius
vastus medialis
rectus femoris

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12
Q

insertion of the quadriceps femoris

A

patella via the quadriceps tendon
then patella to the tibial tuberosity by the patella ligament

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13
Q

vastus lateralis attachments

A

greater trochanter and lateral lip of the line aspera of the femur

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14
Q

vastus lateralis actions

A

extension of the knee joint
stabilised the patella

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15
Q

innervation of the quadriceps femoris muscles

A

femoral nerve

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16
Q

vastus lateralis attachments

A

originates from anterior and lateral surfaces of the femoral shaft

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17
Q

vastus lateralis actions

A

extension of the knee joint
stabilises the patella

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18
Q

vastus medals attachments

A

intertrochanteric line and medial lip of the line aspera of the femur

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19
Q

vastus medialis actions

A

extension of the knee joint
stabilises the patella

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20
Q

rectus femoris attachments

A

ASIS and ilium of the pelvis
patella by the quadriceps femoris tendon

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21
Q

rectus femoris actions

A

extension of the knee and hip

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22
Q

sartorius attachments

A

longest muscle in the body
runs along thigh in inferomedial direction
attaches: ASIS to the superior, medial surface of the tibia

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23
Q

sartorius actions

A

flexor, abductor and lateral rotator of the hip
flexor of the knee

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24
Q

innervation of the sartorius

A

femoral nerve

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25
Q

pectineus shape

A

flat and quadrangular
floor of the femoral triangle

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26
Q

pectineus attachments

A

pectineal line of the pubis bone
to the pectineal line on the posterior aspect of the femur

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27
Q

pectineus actions

A

adduction and flexion at the hip joint

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28
Q

pectineus innervation

A

femoral
branch from the obturator nerve

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29
Q

muscles in the medial compartment

A

gracilis
obturator externs
adductor brevis
adductor longus
adductor Magnus

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30
Q

innervation of the medial compartment

A

obturator nerve
from the lumbar plexus

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31
Q

arterial supply of the medial compartment

A

obturator

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32
Q

label the image

A
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33
Q

adductor Magnus components

A

largest muscle
adductor and hamstring

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34
Q

attachments of adductor Magnus

A

adductor: inferior rami of pubis and rami of ischium to the line aspera of femur
hamstring: ischial tuberosity to the adductor tubercle and medial supracondylar line of femur

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35
Q

actions of adductor Magnus

A

adductor: adduction and flexion of the thigh
hamstring: adduction and extension of the thigh

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36
Q

innervation of the adductor Magnus

A

adductor: obturator nerve L2-4
hamstring: tibial component of sciatic nerve L4-S3

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37
Q

adductor longus shape

A

large and flat
partially covers the adductor braves and Magnus
forms the medial border of the femoral triangle

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38
Q

adductor longus attachments

A

pubis bone to the linea aspera of the femur

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39
Q

adductor longus actions

A

adduction of the thigh

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40
Q

innervation of the adductor longus

A

obturator nerve L2-4

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41
Q

adductor brevis shape

A

short muscle under the adductor longus
separates the anterior and posterior branches of the obturator nerve

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42
Q

adductor brevis attachments

A

pubis body and inferior pubic rami to the lines aspera on the posterior surface of the femur
is proximal to the adductor longus attachment

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43
Q

adductor braves actions

A

adduction of the thigh

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44
Q

adductor brevis innervation

A

obturator nerve L2-4

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45
Q

obturator externs shape

A

smaller and more superior

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46
Q

obturator externus attachments

A

obturator foramen membrane and adjacent bone
under the neck of the femur
posterior aspect of the greater trochanter

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47
Q

obturator externus actions

A

adduction and lateral rotation of the thigh

48
Q

obturator externus innervation

A

obturator nerve L2-4

49
Q

gracilis shape

A

most superficial and medial muscles
crosses at hip and knee

50
Q

gracilis attachments

A

inferior rami and body of pubis
to the medial aspect of thigh
to medial tibial shaft

51
Q

gracilis actions

A

adduction of the thigh at hip flexion of leg at knee

52
Q

gracilis innervation

A

obturator nerve L2-4

53
Q

posterior compartment components

A

hamstrings:
biceps femoris
semitendinosus and semimembranosus
form prominent tendons medially and laterally at the back of the knee

54
Q

innervation of the posterior compartment

A

sciatic nerve L4-S3

55
Q

components of the biceps femoris

A

long head and short head
most lateral muscle
most lateral muscle

56
Q

common tendon of long head and short head of the biceps femoris is found where

A

in the popliteal fossa

57
Q

attachments of the biceps femoris

A

long head: ischial tuberosity of the pelvis
short head: lines aspera on posterior femur surface

heads then form a tendon that attaches onto the fibula head

58
Q

actions of biceps femoris

A

flexion at the knee
extends thigh at the hip
laterally rotates at the hip and knee

59
Q

biceps femoris long head innervation

A

tibial part of the sciatic nerve

60
Q

biceps femoris short head innervation

A

common fibular part of the sciatic nerve

61
Q

semitendinosus location

A

superficial to semimembranosus

62
Q

semitendinosus attachments

A

ischial tuberosity to the medial surface of the tibia

63
Q

semitendinosus actions

A

flexion of leg at the knee
extension of the thigh at the hip
medial rotation of the thigh at hip and leg at the knee

64
Q

semitendinosus innervation

A

tibial part of sciatic

65
Q

location of muscles in posterior compartment

A
66
Q

semimembranosus location

A

flattened and broad
deep to semitendinosus

67
Q

semimembranosus attachments

A

ischial tuberosity to the medial tibial condyle

68
Q

semimembranosus action

A

flexion of leg at knee
extension of thigh at hip
medial rotation of thigh at hip and leg at knee

69
Q

semimembranosus innervation

A

tibial part of sciatic

70
Q

location of the femoral triangle

A

superomedial aspect of the anterior thigh
conduit for structures entering and leaving

71
Q

borders of the femoral triangle

A

floor= pectineus, iliopsoas and adductor longus
roof= fascia lata
superior= inguinal ligament
lateral= medial border of sartorius
medial= medial border of adductor longus, rest is floor

72
Q

inguinal ligament femoral triangle

A

acts as flexor retinaculum to support contents in flexion of the hip

73
Q

contents of the femoral triangle

A

NAVEL
femoral nerve
femoral artery
femoral vein
femoral canal (empty space)
lymph nodes

74
Q

what are the contents of the femoral triangle contained within

A

the femoral sheath
fascial compartment

75
Q

femoral nerve

A

anterior component
sensory branches to the leg and foot

76
Q

femoral artery

A

majority of the arterial supply to the lower limb

77
Q

femoral canal

A

relatively empty space containing deep lymph nodes and vessels

78
Q

femoral vein

A

great saphenous to the femoral vein in triangle

79
Q

adductor canal, alternative names

A

hunters canal
sub sartorial canal

80
Q

what is the adductor canal

A

narrow conical tunnel in the thigh
15cm long
apex of the femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus of the adductor Magnus
passageway for structures form the anterior thigh to the posterior leg

81
Q

borders of the adductor canal

A
81
Q

borders of the adductor canal

A

VM= lateral
S= anteromedial
AL and adductor Magnus= posterior

82
Q

contents of the adductor canal

A

femoral artery
femoral vein
nerve to vastus medialis
saphenous nerve

when they exit the canal they become the popliteal artery and vein

83
Q

label the image poster view

A
84
Q

3 components of the femur

A

proximal
shaft
distal

85
Q

proximal femur articulation

A

articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis to form the hip joint

86
Q

label the femur anterior

A
87
Q

label the femur posterior

A
88
Q

head of femur

A

articulates with acetabulum to form the hip joint
smoother and covered in articular cartilage
fovea= small depression, ligament teres joins

89
Q

intertrochanteric line

A

ridge of bone that spans trochanter
when passes lesser= pectinate line
attaches to iliofemoral joint and hip joint capsule

90
Q

neck of femur

A

connects head with shaft
cylindrical and projects 135 degrees superomedially to the shaft
increased ROM

91
Q

greater trochanter

A

most lateral palpable
attaches to the gluteus medius and minimus, piriformis and vastus lateralis
anterior aspect

92
Q

trochanteric crest

A

ridge connecting trochanter
posterior surface
attaches quadrates femoris on quaddrate tubercle

93
Q

lesser trochanter

A

smaller
posteromedial side
attaches to the iliopsoas

94
Q

shaft of femur

A

descends medially

95
Q

femur linea aspera

A

on posterior aspect which splits distally to form medial and lateral supracondylar lines
medial border proximally= pectineal line
lateral border proximally= gluteal tuberosity

96
Q

label shaft of femur

A
97
Q

pectineal line

A

medial border of the linea aspera

98
Q

gluteal tuberosity

A

lateral border of the linea appear
attaches to the gluteus Maximus

99
Q

linea aspera distally

A

widens to form the floor of the popliteal fossa

100
Q

adductor tubercle

A

attaches to adductor Magnus

101
Q

where does the medial supracondylar line end

A

adductor tubercle

102
Q

label the distal end of the femur

A
103
Q

medial and lateral condyles

A

rounded at the end of the femur
posterior and inferior surfaces articulate wit tibia and menisci of the knee
anterior surface articulates with patellar

104
Q

medial and lateral epicondyles

A

bony elevations on non-articular areas of condyles
medial is larger

105
Q

intercondylar fossa

A

deep notch on posterior surface between 2 condyles
attachments for ACL and PCL

106
Q

what is the patellar

A

front of the knee cap
in patellofemoral groove of the femur

107
Q

superior attachments of the patella

A

quadriceps tendon

108
Q

inferior attachments of the patella

A

patellar ligament

109
Q

classification of patella

A

sesamoid type bone
due to position in quadriceps tendon

110
Q

label anterior and posterior surfaces of the patella

A
111
Q

apex of the patella

A

situated inferiorly and connected to tibia tuberosity by the patellar ligament

112
Q

base of the patella

A

forms superior aspect of bone and provides attachment area for quadriceps tendon

113
Q

posterior surface of the patella

A

articulates with the femur and marked by 2 facets
1. medial facet
2. lateral facet

114
Q

medial facet patella

A

articulates with medial condyle of the femur

115
Q

lateral facet patella

A

articulates with the latter condyle of the femur

116
Q

functions of the patella

A

leg extension: enhances leverage that quadriceps tendon can exert on femur, increases efficiency of the muscle
protection: protects the anterior aspect of the knee joint from physical trauma

Medicine: Anatomy (20 decks)

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