Anatomy: Proximal lower limb Flashcards
1
Q
what are the three compartments of the thigh
A
anterior
medial
posterior
2
Q
anterior component of thigh innervation and arterial supply
A
innervated by femoral nerve L2-4
arterial by femoral
3
Q
muscles in the anterior component of the thigh
A
iliopsoas
quadriceps femoris
sartorius
pectineus
4
Q
label the image
A
5
Q
components of the iliopsoas
A
posts major and iliacus
6
Q
location of the iliopsoas
A
arises in the pelvis
under the inguinal
anterior compartment
form common tendon
7
Q
attachments of the iliopsoas
A
posts major from the lumbar vertebrae
iliacus from the iliac fossa of the pelvis
both then attach onto the lesser trochanter of the femur
8
Q
actions of the iliopsoas
A
flexion of the thigh at the hip joint
9
Q
innervation of the psoas major
A
anterior rami of L1-3
10
Q
innervation of the iliacus
A
femoral nerve
11
Q
components of the quadriceps femoris
A
4 individual muscles
vastus lateralis
vastus intermdius
vastus medialis
rectus femoris
12
Q
insertion of the quadriceps femoris
A
patella via the quadriceps tendon
then patella to the tibial tuberosity by the patella ligament
13
Q
vastus lateralis attachments
A
greater trochanter and lateral lip of the line aspera of the femur
14
Q
vastus lateralis actions
A
extension of the knee joint
stabilised the patella
15
Q
innervation of the quadriceps femoris muscles
A
femoral nerve
16
Q
vastus lateralis attachments
A
originates from anterior and lateral surfaces of the femoral shaft
17
Q
vastus lateralis actions
A
extension of the knee joint
stabilises the patella
18
Q
vastus medals attachments
A
intertrochanteric line and medial lip of the line aspera of the femur
19
Q
vastus medialis actions
A
extension of the knee joint
stabilises the patella
20
Q
rectus femoris attachments
A
ASIS and ilium of the pelvis
patella by the quadriceps femoris tendon
21
Q
rectus femoris actions
A
extension of the knee and hip
22
Q
sartorius attachments
A
longest muscle in the body
runs along thigh in inferomedial direction
attaches: ASIS to the superior, medial surface of the tibia
23
Q
sartorius actions
A
flexor, abductor and lateral rotator of the hip
flexor of the knee
24
Q
innervation of the sartorius
A
femoral nerve
25
pectineus shape
flat and quadrangular
floor of the femoral triangle
26
pectineus attachments
pectineal line of the pubis bone
to the pectineal line on the posterior aspect of the femur
27
pectineus actions
adduction and flexion at the hip joint
28
pectineus innervation
femoral
branch from the obturator nerve
29
muscles in the medial compartment
gracilis
obturator externs
adductor brevis
adductor longus
adductor Magnus
30
innervation of the medial compartment
obturator nerve
from the lumbar plexus
31
arterial supply of the medial compartment
obturator
32
label the image
33
adductor Magnus components
largest muscle
adductor and hamstring
34
attachments of adductor Magnus
adductor: inferior rami of pubis and rami of ischium to the line aspera of femur
hamstring: ischial tuberosity to the adductor tubercle and medial supracondylar line of femur
35
actions of adductor Magnus
adductor: adduction and flexion of the thigh
hamstring: adduction and extension of the thigh
36
innervation of the adductor Magnus
adductor: obturator nerve L2-4
hamstring: tibial component of sciatic nerve L4-S3
37
adductor longus shape
large and flat
partially covers the adductor braves and Magnus
forms the medial border of the femoral triangle
38
adductor longus attachments
pubis bone to the linea aspera of the femur
39
adductor longus actions
adduction of the thigh
40
innervation of the adductor longus
obturator nerve L2-4
41
adductor brevis shape
short muscle under the adductor longus
separates the anterior and posterior branches of the obturator nerve
42
adductor brevis attachments
pubis body and inferior pubic rami to the lines aspera on the posterior surface of the femur
is proximal to the adductor longus attachment
43
adductor braves actions
adduction of the thigh
44
adductor brevis innervation
obturator nerve L2-4
45
obturator externs shape
smaller and more superior
46
obturator externus attachments
obturator foramen membrane and adjacent bone
under the neck of the femur
posterior aspect of the greater trochanter
47
obturator externus actions
adduction and lateral rotation of the thigh
48
obturator externus innervation
obturator nerve L2-4
49
gracilis shape
most superficial and medial muscles
crosses at hip and knee
50
gracilis attachments
inferior rami and body of pubis
to the medial aspect of thigh
to medial tibial shaft
51
gracilis actions
adduction of the thigh at hip flexion of leg at knee
52
gracilis innervation
obturator nerve L2-4
53
posterior compartment components
hamstrings:
biceps femoris
semitendinosus and semimembranosus
form prominent tendons medially and laterally at the back of the knee
54
innervation of the posterior compartment
sciatic nerve L4-S3
55
components of the biceps femoris
long head and short head
most lateral muscle
most lateral muscle
56
common tendon of long head and short head of the biceps femoris is found where
in the popliteal fossa
57
attachments of the biceps femoris
long head: ischial tuberosity of the pelvis
short head: lines aspera on posterior femur surface
heads then form a tendon that attaches onto the fibula head
58
actions of biceps femoris
flexion at the knee
extends thigh at the hip
laterally rotates at the hip and knee
59
biceps femoris long head innervation
tibial part of the sciatic nerve
60
biceps femoris short head innervation
common fibular part of the sciatic nerve
61
semitendinosus location
superficial to semimembranosus
62
semitendinosus attachments
ischial tuberosity to the medial surface of the tibia
63
semitendinosus actions
flexion of leg at the knee
extension of the thigh at the hip
medial rotation of the thigh at hip and leg at the knee
64
semitendinosus innervation
tibial part of sciatic
65
location of muscles in posterior compartment
66
semimembranosus location
flattened and broad
deep to semitendinosus
67
semimembranosus attachments
ischial tuberosity to the medial tibial condyle
68
semimembranosus action
flexion of leg at knee
extension of thigh at hip
medial rotation of thigh at hip and leg at knee
69
semimembranosus innervation
tibial part of sciatic
70
location of the femoral triangle
superomedial aspect of the anterior thigh
conduit for structures entering and leaving
71
borders of the femoral triangle
floor= pectineus, iliopsoas and adductor longus
roof= fascia lata
superior= inguinal ligament
lateral= medial border of sartorius
medial= medial border of adductor longus, rest is floor
72
inguinal ligament femoral triangle
acts as flexor retinaculum to support contents in flexion of the hip
73
contents of the femoral triangle
NAVEL
femoral nerve
femoral artery
femoral vein
femoral canal (empty space)
lymph nodes
74
what are the contents of the femoral triangle contained within
the femoral sheath
fascial compartment
75
femoral nerve
anterior component
sensory branches to the leg and foot
76
femoral artery
majority of the arterial supply to the lower limb
77
femoral canal
relatively empty space containing deep lymph nodes and vessels
78
femoral vein
great saphenous to the femoral vein in triangle
79
adductor canal, alternative names
hunters canal
sub sartorial canal
80
what is the adductor canal
narrow conical tunnel in the thigh
15cm long
apex of the femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus of the adductor Magnus
passageway for structures form the anterior thigh to the posterior leg
81
borders of the adductor canal
81
borders of the adductor canal
VM= lateral
S= anteromedial
AL and adductor Magnus= posterior
82
contents of the adductor canal
femoral artery
femoral vein
nerve to vastus medialis
saphenous nerve
when they exit the canal they become the popliteal artery and vein
83
label the image poster view
84
3 components of the femur
proximal
shaft
distal
85
proximal femur articulation
articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis to form the hip joint
86
label the femur anterior
87
label the femur posterior
88
head of femur
articulates with acetabulum to form the hip joint
smoother and covered in articular cartilage
fovea= small depression, ligament teres joins
89
intertrochanteric line
ridge of bone that spans trochanter
when passes lesser= pectinate line
attaches to iliofemoral joint and hip joint capsule
90
neck of femur
connects head with shaft
cylindrical and projects 135 degrees superomedially to the shaft
increased ROM
91
greater trochanter
most lateral palpable
attaches to the gluteus medius and minimus, piriformis and vastus lateralis
anterior aspect
92
trochanteric crest
ridge connecting trochanter
posterior surface
attaches quadrates femoris on quaddrate tubercle
93
lesser trochanter
smaller
posteromedial side
attaches to the iliopsoas
94
shaft of femur
descends medially
95
femur linea aspera
on posterior aspect which splits distally to form medial and lateral supracondylar lines
medial border proximally= pectineal line
lateral border proximally= gluteal tuberosity
96
label shaft of femur
97
pectineal line
medial border of the linea aspera
98
gluteal tuberosity
lateral border of the linea appear
attaches to the gluteus Maximus
99
linea aspera distally
widens to form the floor of the popliteal fossa
100
adductor tubercle
attaches to adductor Magnus
101
where does the medial supracondylar line end
adductor tubercle
102
label the distal end of the femur
103
medial and lateral condyles
rounded at the end of the femur
posterior and inferior surfaces articulate wit tibia and menisci of the knee
anterior surface articulates with patellar
104
medial and lateral epicondyles
bony elevations on non-articular areas of condyles
medial is larger
105
intercondylar fossa
deep notch on posterior surface between 2 condyles
attachments for ACL and PCL
106
what is the patellar
front of the knee cap
in patellofemoral groove of the femur
107
superior attachments of the patella
quadriceps tendon
108
inferior attachments of the patella
patellar ligament
109
classification of patella
sesamoid type bone
due to position in quadriceps tendon
110
label anterior and posterior surfaces of the patella
111
apex of the patella
situated inferiorly and connected to tibia tuberosity by the patellar ligament
112
base of the patella
forms superior aspect of bone and provides attachment area for quadriceps tendon
113
posterior surface of the patella
articulates with the femur and marked by 2 facets
1. medial facet
2. lateral facet
114
medial facet patella
articulates with medial condyle of the femur
115
lateral facet patella
articulates with the latter condyle of the femur
116
functions of the patella
leg extension: enhances leverage that quadriceps tendon can exert on femur, increases efficiency of the muscle
protection: protects the anterior aspect of the knee joint from physical trauma
