Anatomy: Heart Flashcards by Lara Everett | Brainscape

Q

4 key elements of cardiovascular system

A

heart
veins
capillaries
arteries

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Q

arteriole system

A

heart to tissues
oxygenated blood

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Q

venous system

A

return blood from tissues back to the heart
deoxygenated

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Q

differences between arteries and veins

A

lumen size is larger in veins
arteries also have elastic lamina
veins have valves

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Q

pressure in arteries compared to veins

A

much higher

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Q

3 layers of arteries and veins

A

tunica adventitia
tunica media
tunica intima

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Q

what lines the blood vessels

A

endothelium

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Q

what lines the heart

A

endocardium

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Q

4 chambers of the heart

A

right atrium
left atrium
right ventricle
left ventricle

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Q

label heart

A

right atrium
left aftrium
right ventricle
left ventricle

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Q

right atrium primary function

A

receive blood from the body

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Q

left atrium function

A

receive blood from lungs

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Q

right ventricle function

A

pump blood to the lungs

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Q

left ventricle function

A

pump blood to the bod y

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Q

what does the image show and what is the blood like here

A

right side of the heart
blood is deoxygenated

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Q

what does the image show and what is the blood like here

A

left side of the heart
blood is oxygenated

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Q

sources of blood into the right atrium

A

superior vena cava

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Q

where does the superior vena cava bring blood from

A

head
neck
upper limbs
majority of the thorax

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Q

what is in the image

A

inferior vena cava

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Q

what is in the image

A

superior vena cava

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Q

where does the inferior vena cava bring blood from

A

lower limbs
abdomen
pelvis

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Q

where does the inferior vena cava bring blood from

A

lower limbs
abdomen
pelvis

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Q

where does the inferior vena cava bring blood from

A

lower limbs
abdomen
pelvis

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Q

where does the inferior vena cava bring blood from

A

lower limbs
abdomen
pelvis

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Q

where does the inferior vena cava bring blood from

A

lower limbs
abdomen
pelvis

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Q

what is in the image

A

coronary sinus

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Q

coronary sinus function

A

return venous blood from the heart
has small anterior veins

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Q

what is in the image and what does it do

A

right atrioventricular valve/ tricuspid valve
control blood flow into the right ventricle

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Q

what is in the image

A

pulmonary semilunar valve

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Q

what is in the image

A

pulmonary trunk

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Q

what is in the image

A

pulmonary veins

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Q

what is in the image

A

left atrium

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Q

what is in the image

A

bicuspid or mitral valve

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Q

what is in the image

A

left ventricle

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Q

what is in the image

A

aortic semilunar valve

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Q

what is in the image

A

ascending aorta
aortic arch

Q

where is the pericardial sac located

A

between the right and left lung
superiorly up the the 2nd costal cartilage (at the manubrial sternal junction)
inferiorly to the 6th costal cartilage (superior extent of the diaphragm)

Q

what is in the image

A

pericardial sac

Q

what is the pericardial sac fused to

A

the central tendon of the diaphragm inferiorly
great vessels superiorly and posteriorly
the deep surface of the sternum

Q

what is in the image

A

great vessels

Q

function of the pericardial sac

A

to prevent the heart from sudden overfilling
allows the heart to beat in a nearly frictionless environment

Q

what is in the image

A

fibrous pericardium
is tough and attached to diaphragm
prevents overfilling

Q

what is in the image

A

parietal serous pericardium

Q

what Is in the image

A

visceral serous pericardium
also known as epicardium
not a layer of the pericardial sac

Q

what is in the image

A

inferior part of the heart
where it rests on the diaphragm m
is the diaphragmatic surface

Q

what is in the image

A

inferior part of the heart
where it rests on the diaphragm m
is the diaphragmatic surface

Q

components of the diaphragmatic surface of the heart

A

right and left ventricles
predominantly the left

Q

what is in the image

A

right pulmonary surface

Q

components of the right pulmonary surface

A

right atrium

Q

what is in the image

A

left pulmonary surface

Q

components of the left pulmonary surface

A

left ventricle

Q

what is in the image

A

anterior (sternocostal) surface

Q

components of the anterior surface

A

right ventricle

Q

what is in the image

A

apex of the heart
at the 5th intercostal space
left ventricle

Q

what is in the image

A

base of the heart
at the left atrium

Q

three layers of the heart

A

epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

Q

what is myocardium composed of

A

cardiac muscle tissue

Q

what is in the image

A

myocardium

Q

3 types of cardiac muscle

A

trabeculae carneae
papillary muscles
pectinate muscle

Q

what is in the image

A

trabeculae carneae
coordination of heart rhythm of ventricles and heart walls

Q

what is in the image

A

papillary muscles
attached to tendinous chords
ventricles

Q

what is in the image

A

pectinate muscle
only found in the atria

Q

what is in the image

A

right auricle
rough pectinate muscle, only part to have

Q

what is in the image

A

the left auricle
contains pectinate muscle

Q

what is in the image

A

interatrial septum

Q

what is in the image

A

interatrial septum

Q

what is in the image

A

foramen ovale: is an open communication in foetal development
limbus fossa ovale: thickened ridge on superior part
fossa ovale: indentation remaining in adulthood

Q

adaptations of the right atrium

A

valves for IVC and coronary sinus
to direct blood flow

Q

trabeculae carneae function

A

assist contractions
assist sending contraction impulse

Q

what is in the image

A

inter ventricular septum

Q

what is in the image

A

moderator band
send conducting impulse from inter ventricular septum to anterior papillary muscle

Q

what is in the image

A

tendinous chords

Q

what do the papillary muscles attach to

A

the cusps of valves

Q

what is in the image

A

infundibulum/conus arteriosus
assists with blood flow

Q

walls of the ventricles

A

left is much thicker
pumps blood to the body

Q

what are the 4 valves

A

right atrioventricular
pulmonary semilunar
left atrioventricular
aortic semilunar

Q

right atrioventricular

A

right atrium and ventricle
tricuspid
anterior, posterior and septal cusps
connected by tendinous cords to anterior posterior and septal papillary muscles
contract to put tension on the cords

Q

left atrioventricular valve

A

mitral/bicuspid
has anterior and posterior cusps
attach via tendinous cords to the anterior and posterior papillary muscles

Q

cusp in aortic

A

posterior
right
left

Q

cusp in pulmonic

A

anterior
right
left

Q

vessels associated with right and left cusp of the aortic semilunar

A

right and left coronary artery

Q

systolic phase with aortic semilunar

A

ventricle contracts
enter aorta
high pressure
valve opens
openings of right and left coronary arteries are protected

Q

label A-J

A

A-inferior vena cava
B-right atrium
C-right auricle
D-superior vena cava
E-arch of aorta
F-pulmonary vein
G- pulmonary trunk
H- left auricle
I- left ventricle
J- right ventricle

Q

label A-G

A

A- superior vena cava
B-right auricle
C-tricuspid valve
D-inferior vena cava
E-crista terminalis
F- fossa ovalis
G- pectinate muscle

Q

label A-E

A

A- pulmonary valve (right, left and anterior cusps)
B- trabecular carneae
C-posterior papillary muscles
D- anterior papillary muscles
E- tricuspid valve

Q

label A-D

A

A-SAN
B-AVN
C- right bundle branch of bundle of His
D- purkinje fibres

Q

label A-E

A

A- chordinae tendinae
b- pectinate muscle
C- valve of foramen ovale
D- pulmonary veins
E- mitral valve

Q

label A-D

A

A- bicuspid valvue
B- pulmonary valvue
C- aortic valve
D- tricuspid valvue

Q

label A-G

A

A- left coronary
B- circumflex branch of left coronary
C-left anterior branch of descending, inter ventricular branch
D- posterior inter ventricular branch of right coronary
E- right marginal branch of right coronary
F- coronary sinus
G- right coronary