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Medicine: Anatomy > Anatomy: Bones and Joints > Flashcards

Anatomy: Bones and Joints Flashcards

1
Q

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2
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4
Q

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5
Q

what are the two broad divisions of the muscles of the gluteal region

A

superficial educators and extenders
deep lateral rotators

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6
Q

superficial abductors and extenders function

A

group of large muscles that abduct and extend the femur

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7
Q

muscles classified by superficial abductors and extenders

A

gluteus maximum
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
tensor fascia lata

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8
Q

deep lateral rotators function

A

group of smaller muscles that mainly act to laterally rotate the femur

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9
Q

muscles classified by deep lateral rotators

A

quadrates femoris
piriformis
gemellus superior
gemellus inferior
obturator internus

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10
Q

arterial supply to gluteal region

A

mostly superior and inferior gluteal
which are branches of they nternal iliac

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11
Q

venous drainage of the gluteal region

A

follows the arterial supply
internal ileac and gluteal branches

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12
Q

label the image

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13
Q

attachments of the gluteus Maximus

A

originates from the posterior surface of the ileum, sacrum and coccyx
fibres slope across buttock at 45 degree angle and insert onto the iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of the femur

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14
Q

actions of the gluteus maximums

A

main extensor of the thigh
assists with lateral rotation

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15
Q

innervation of the gluteus maximus

A

inferior gluteal nerve

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16
Q

gluteus medius attachments

A

originates from gluteal surface of ilium and inserts into the lateral surface of the greater trochanter

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17
Q

actions of the gluteus medius

A

abduction and medial rotation of the lower limb
stabilises the pelvis
prevents dropping of the pelvis on the contralateral side

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18
Q

innervation of the gluteus medius

A

superior gluteal nerve

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19
Q

attachments of the gluteus minimus

A

originates form the ileum and converges to form a tendon
inserting to the anterior side of the greater trochanter

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20
Q

actions of the gluteus minimus

A

abduction and medial rotation of the lower limb
stabilises the pelvis during locomotion
prevents dropping of the pelvis on the contralateral side

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21
Q

innervation of the gluteus minimus

A

superior gluteal nerve

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22
Q

attachments of the tensor fascia lata

A

originates from the anterior ileac crest
attaching to the anterior superior iliac spine
inserts into the iliotibial tract
attaches itself to the lateral condyle of the tibia

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23
Q

actions of the tensor fascia lata

A

assists the gluteus medius and minimus in abduciton and medial rotation of the lower limb
supportive role in the gait cycle

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24
Q

innervation of the tensor fascia lata

A

superior gluteal nerve

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25
attachments of the piriformis
originates from the anterior surface of the sacrum fibres travel inferiorly and laterally through the greater sciatic foramen insert onto the greater trochanter of the femur
26
actions of the piriformis
lateral rotation and abduciton
27
innervation of the piriformis
nerve to piriformis
28
attachments of the obturator internus
originates from the pubis and ischium at the obturator foramen travels through lesser foramen and attaches to the gr
29
actions of the obturator interns
lateral rotation and abduciton
30
innervation of the obturator interns
nerve to obturator internus
31
attachments of the gemelli
superior gemellus muscle originates from the ischial sone the inferior from the ischial tuberosity attach to the greater trochanter of the femur
32
actions of the gemelli
lateral rotation ans abduction
33
innervation of the gemelli
superior gemellus muscle innervated by nerve to obturator interns inferior gemellus is innervated by nerve to quadrates femoris
34
attachments of the quadrates femurs
originates from the lateral aspect of the ischial tuberosity and attaches to the quadrate tuberosity on the intertrochanteric crest
35
actions of the quadratus femoris
lateral rotation
36
innervation of the quadratus femoris
nerve to quadratus femoris
37
important landmarks of the gluteal region
piriformis as the muscle travels through the greater sciatic formant it divides the gluteal region into inferior and superior the superior gluteal nerve and vessels emerge into the gluteal region superiorly to the piriformis can also be used to locate the sciatic nerve, enters the gluteal region directly inferior to the piriformis and visible as a flat band
38
which 2 bones articulate to form the knee joint proper and what is the name of this joint
femur and tibia tibiofemoral joint
39
which of the femoral condyles is larger in the sagittal plane
medial condyle
40
what type of bone is the patella an example of
sesamoid
41
what is a sesamoid bone
bone that develops within a ligament
42
which ligament does the patella lie within
quadriceps tendon/ patella tendon
43
what are bursae
fluid filled sacs that surround muscles bones and joints
44
what functions do bursae perform
reduce friction between moving parts by providing cushioning and lubrication
45
function of the oblique popliteal ligament
prevent hypertension of the knee joint
46
what does the tibial tuberosity act as an attachment for
patellar tendon
47
function of the ACL
prevent anterior sliding of the tibia on femur anterior draw test
48
function of the PCL
prevent posterior sliding of the tibia on femur posterior draw tests
49
what functions do the knee menisci perform
increased joint congruence therefore increased joint stability cushion joint to prevent impaction damage and pain distribute mass of the body therefore increased weight bearing
50
which of the knee menisci is more vulnerable to damage
medial as anchored to medial collateral therefore less mobile due to larger attachment site
51
name the joint type
ball and socket synovial
52
name the joint type
synovial hinge bicondylar
53
name the joint type
symphysis cartilaginous
54
name the joint type
fibrous syndesmosis
55
name the joint type
suture fibrous
56
name the joint type
synovial pivot
57
name the joint type
synovial saddle
58
name the joint type
synovial plane
59
name the joint type
gomphosis fibrous
60
name the joint type
synchrondosis cartilaginous
61
name the joint type
synchrondosis cartilaginous
62
name the joint type
symphysis cartilaginous
63
label A-G
posterior cruciate ligament femoral condyle medial meniscus tibial tuberosity anterior cruciate ligament round surfaces for tibial flexion articulation flat surfaces for tibial extension articulation
64
foramen definition
opening through which blood vessels nerves or ligaments pass
65
epicondyle definition
projection above or on condyle
66
fossa definition
space or cavity
67
condyle definition
rounded protuberance that articulates with another bone
68
groove/sulcus definition
depression which accommodates a blood vessel, nerve or tendon
69
tubercle definition
small rounded projection/protuberance on a bone

Medicine: Anatomy (20 decks)

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