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Medicine: Anatomy > Anatomy: Bones and Joints > Flashcards

Anatomy: Bones and Joints Flashcards

1
Q

label the image

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4
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label the image

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5
Q

what are the two broad divisions of the muscles of the gluteal region

A

superficial educators and extenders
deep lateral rotators

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6
Q

superficial abductors and extenders function

A

group of large muscles that abduct and extend the femur

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7
Q

muscles classified by superficial abductors and extenders

A

gluteus maximum
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
tensor fascia lata

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8
Q

deep lateral rotators function

A

group of smaller muscles that mainly act to laterally rotate the femur

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9
Q

muscles classified by deep lateral rotators

A

quadrates femoris
piriformis
gemellus superior
gemellus inferior
obturator internus

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10
Q

arterial supply to gluteal region

A

mostly superior and inferior gluteal
which are branches of they nternal iliac

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11
Q

venous drainage of the gluteal region

A

follows the arterial supply
internal ileac and gluteal branches

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12
Q

label the image

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13
Q

attachments of the gluteus Maximus

A

originates from the posterior surface of the ileum, sacrum and coccyx
fibres slope across buttock at 45 degree angle and insert onto the iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of the femur

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14
Q

actions of the gluteus maximums

A

main extensor of the thigh
assists with lateral rotation

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15
Q

innervation of the gluteus maximus

A

inferior gluteal nerve

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16
Q

gluteus medius attachments

A

originates from gluteal surface of ilium and inserts into the lateral surface of the greater trochanter

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17
Q

actions of the gluteus medius

A

abduction and medial rotation of the lower limb
stabilises the pelvis
prevents dropping of the pelvis on the contralateral side

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18
Q

innervation of the gluteus medius

A

superior gluteal nerve

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19
Q

attachments of the gluteus minimus

A

originates form the ileum and converges to form a tendon
inserting to the anterior side of the greater trochanter

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20
Q

actions of the gluteus minimus

A

abduction and medial rotation of the lower limb
stabilises the pelvis during locomotion
prevents dropping of the pelvis on the contralateral side

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21
Q

innervation of the gluteus minimus

A

superior gluteal nerve

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22
Q

attachments of the tensor fascia lata

A

originates from the anterior ileac crest
attaching to the anterior superior iliac spine
inserts into the iliotibial tract
attaches itself to the lateral condyle of the tibia

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23
Q

actions of the tensor fascia lata

A

assists the gluteus medius and minimus in abduciton and medial rotation of the lower limb
supportive role in the gait cycle

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24
Q

innervation of the tensor fascia lata

A

superior gluteal nerve

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25
Q

attachments of the piriformis

A

originates from the anterior surface of the sacrum
fibres travel inferiorly and laterally through the greater sciatic foramen
insert onto the greater trochanter of the femur

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26
Q

actions of the piriformis

A

lateral rotation and abduciton

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27
Q

innervation of the piriformis

A

nerve to piriformis

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28
Q

attachments of the obturator internus

A

originates from the pubis and ischium at the obturator foramen
travels through lesser foramen and attaches to the gr

29
Q

actions of the obturator interns

A

lateral rotation and abduciton

30
Q

innervation of the obturator interns

A

nerve to obturator internus

31
Q

attachments of the gemelli

A

superior gemellus muscle originates from the ischial sone the inferior from the ischial tuberosity
attach to the greater trochanter of the femur

32
Q

actions of the gemelli

A

lateral rotation ans abduction

33
Q

innervation of the gemelli

A

superior gemellus muscle innervated by nerve to obturator interns
inferior gemellus is innervated by nerve to quadrates femoris

34
Q

attachments of the quadrates femurs

A

originates from the lateral aspect of the ischial tuberosity and attaches to the quadrate tuberosity on the intertrochanteric crest

35
Q

actions of the quadratus femoris

A

lateral rotation

36
Q

innervation of the quadratus femoris

A

nerve to quadratus femoris

37
Q

important landmarks of the gluteal region

A

piriformis
as the muscle travels through the greater sciatic formant it divides the gluteal region into inferior and superior
the superior gluteal nerve and vessels emerge into the gluteal region superiorly to the piriformis
can also be used to locate the sciatic nerve, enters the gluteal region directly inferior to the piriformis and visible as a flat band

38
Q

which 2 bones articulate to form the knee joint proper and what is the name of this joint

A

femur and tibia
tibiofemoral joint

39
Q

which of the femoral condyles is larger in the sagittal plane

A

medial condyle

40
Q

what type of bone is the patella an example of

A

sesamoid

41
Q

what is a sesamoid bone

A

bone that develops within a ligament

42
Q

which ligament does the patella lie within

A

quadriceps tendon/ patella tendon

43
Q

what are bursae

A

fluid filled sacs that surround muscles bones and joints

44
Q

what functions do bursae perform

A

reduce friction between moving parts by providing cushioning and lubrication

45
Q

function of the oblique popliteal ligament

A

prevent hypertension of the knee joint

46
Q

what does the tibial tuberosity act as an attachment for

A

patellar tendon

47
Q

function of the ACL

A

prevent anterior sliding of the tibia on femur
anterior draw test

48
Q

function of the PCL

A

prevent posterior sliding of the tibia on femur
posterior draw tests

49
Q

what functions do the knee menisci perform

A

increased joint congruence therefore increased joint stability
cushion joint to prevent impaction damage and pain
distribute mass of the body therefore increased weight bearing

50
Q

which of the knee menisci is more vulnerable to damage

A

medial as anchored to medial collateral
therefore less mobile due to larger attachment site

51
Q

name the joint type

A

ball and socket
synovial

52
Q

name the joint type

A

synovial
hinge
bicondylar

53
Q

name the joint type

A

symphysis
cartilaginous

54
Q

name the joint type

A

fibrous
syndesmosis

55
Q

name the joint type

A

suture
fibrous

56
Q

name the joint type

A

synovial
pivot

57
Q

name the joint type

A

synovial
saddle

58
Q

name the joint type

A

synovial
plane

59
Q

name the joint type

A

gomphosis
fibrous

60
Q

name the joint type

A

synchrondosis
cartilaginous

61
Q

name the joint type

A

synchrondosis
cartilaginous

62
Q

name the joint type

A

symphysis
cartilaginous

63
Q

label A-G

A

posterior cruciate ligament
femoral condyle
medial meniscus
tibial tuberosity
anterior cruciate ligament
round surfaces for tibial flexion articulation
flat surfaces for tibial extension articulation

64
Q

foramen definition

A

opening through which blood vessels nerves or ligaments pass

65
Q

epicondyle definition

A

projection above or on condyle

66
Q

fossa definition

A

space or cavity

67
Q

condyle definition

A

rounded protuberance that articulates with another bone

68
Q

groove/sulcus definition

A

depression which accommodates a blood vessel, nerve or tendon

69
Q

tubercle definition

A

small rounded projection/protuberance on a bone

Medicine: Anatomy (20 decks)

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