Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Medicine: Anatomy > Anatomy: Mediastinum > Flashcards

Anatomy: Mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

borders of the mediastinum

A

superiorly from the superior thoracic aperture (first rib meets sternum)
inferior is diaphragm
anterior is the sternum
posterior are the 12 thoracic vertebrae
lateral is the mediastinal parietal pleura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

division of the superior and inferior mediastinum

A

sternal angle
to intervertebral layer between T4 and T5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

superior mediastinum contents

A

sternum
thymus gland
brachiocephalic veins, join to the vena cava
arch of the aorta
trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

name branches of arch of aorta from left side of body to right

A

brachiocephalic trunk
left common carotid
left subclavian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is in the image

A

thymus gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is in the image

A

brachiocephalic veins
that join to form the vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is in the image

A

arch of the aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is in the image

A

trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where does the superior mediastinum terminate

A

superior thoracic aperture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

inferior mediastinum location

A

superior thoracic aperture to the diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the inferior mediastinum subdivided into

A

anterior
middle
posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

superior border of the superior mediastinum

A

thoracic inlet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

inferior border of the superior mediastinum

A

continuous with the inferior mediastinum at the level of the sternal angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

anterior border of the superior mediastinum

A

manubrium of the sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

posterior border of the superior mediastinum

A

vertebral bodies of T1-4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

lateral border of the superior mediastinum

A

pleurae of the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

great vessels of the superior mediastinum

A

arch of the aorta
superior vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

brachiocephalic artery

A

supplies right side of head and neck and right upper limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

left common carotid artery

A

supplies to the left side of the head and neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

left subclavian artery

A

to the left upper limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

brachiocephalic veins

A

draining blood from the upper body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

left superior intercostal vein

A

collects blood from left 2nd and 3rd intercostal vein
drains into the left brachiocephalic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

supreme intercostal vein

A

drains vein from 1st intercostal space
directly into the brachiocephalic veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

azygos vein

A

receives blood from right posterior intercostals
left intercostals drain into the hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos before joining azygos at T7-9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
tributaries of the superior vena cava in the superior mediastinum
brachiocephalic veins left superior intercostal supreme intercostal azygos
26
nerves associated with the superior mediastinum
vagus phrenic cardiac sympathetic trunk
27
2 distinct pathways of the vagus nerve
right left
28
right vagus nerve
runs parallel to the trachea and passes posteriorly to the superior vena cava and the right primary bronchus
29
left vagus nerve
enters superior mediastinum between left common carotid and left subclavian arteries descends anteriorly to the aortic arch before posterior to the left bronchus
30
left recurrent laryngeal
arises from left vagus as it passes the aortic arch loops under arch to the left of ligament arteriosum before travelling to larynx in the tracheal-oesophageal groove
31
phrenic nerve
anterior surface of the anterior scalene muscle roots C3-5 enter laterally to the great vessels descend anteriorly into the middle mediastinum, passes anterior to the hilum of the lungs
32
cardiac nerves
originate from superior, middle and inferior cardiac ganglion form superficial and deep cardiac plexuses in superior mediastinum
33
where does the superior plexus lie
between aortic arch and right pulmonary artery
34
where does the deep plexus lie
on the surface of the trachea at the point of bifurcation
35
sympathetic trunk
runs bilaterally to the vertebral bodies along the entire length of the vertebral column
36
muscles associated in the superior mediastinum
sternohyoid and sternothyroid from the posterior surface of the manubrium part of the infra hyoid muscle group of the neck inferior aspect of longs Colli muscle also originates
37
names of the borders of the anterior mediastinum
lateral anterior posterior roof floor
38
lateral border of the anterior mediastinum
mediastinal pleura (part of the parietal pleura membrane)
39
anterior border of the anterior mediastinum
body of the sternum transversus thoracis muscles
40
posterior xborder of the anterior mediastinum
pericardium
41
roof border of the anterior mediastinum
continuous with the superior mediastinum at the level of the sternal angle
42
floor border of the anterior mediastinum
diaphragm
43
contents of the anterior mediastinum
no major structures loose connective tissue (including sternopericardial ligaments) fat lymphatic vessels lymph nodes branches of internal thoracic vessels
44
sternopericardial laments
tether the pericardium to the sternum
45
differences between adults and children's anterior mediastinum
in children the thymus extends inferiorly into anterior mediastinum recedes during puberty and mainly replaced by adipose tissue
46
name the borders of the middle mediastinum
anterior posterior laterally superiorly inferiorly
47
anterior border of the middle mediastinum
anterior margin of the pericardium
48
posterior border of the middle mediastinum
posterior border of the pericardium
49
lateral border of the middle mediastinum
mediastinal pleura of the lungs
50
superior border of the middle mediastinum
imaginary line extending between sternalangle and T4 vertebrae
51
inferior border of the middle mediastinum
superior surface of the diaphragm m
52
which is the largest subdivision of the inferior mediastinum
middle mediastinum
53
organs inside the middle mediastinum
heart (and pericardium) tracheal bifurcation left and right main bronchi
54
great vessels in the middle mediastinum
ascending aorta pulmonary trunk superior vena cava
55
ascending aorta function
1st part of the aorta arises form the aortic orifice exits fibrous pericardium and enters superior mediastinum where it becomes aortic arch gives rise to the left and right coronary arteries
56
pulmonary trunk function
gives rise to left and right pulmonary arteries trunk is relatively short and wide allows large volume of blood to pas through it
57
superior vena cava function
returns deoxygenated blood from upper half of the body formed by the brachiocephalic veins
58
nerves associated with the middle mediastinum
cardiac plexus phrenic nerves
59
cardiac plexus
network of nerves base of the heart sympathetic and para sympathetic fibres sympathetic from T1-4 parasympathetic from vagus
60
phrenic nerves in the middle mediastinum
motor innervation to the diaphragm arise in the neck and descend through middle mediastinum to the diaphragm
61
lymphatics of the middle mediastinum
tracheobronchial lymph nodes characteristically engirded in certain lung pathologies form from gathering of bronchial nodes in hila of lungs
62
name the borders of the posterior mediastinum
lateral anterior posterior roof floro
63
lateral border of the posterior mediastinum
mediastinal pleura
64
anterior border of the posterior mediastinum
pericardium
65
posterior border of the posterior mediastinum
T5-T12 vertebrae
66
roof border of the posterior mediastinum
sternal angle to T4 (imaginary line)
67
floor border of the posterior mediastinum
diaphragm m
68
contents of the posterior mediastinum
thoracic aorta oesophagus thoracic duct azygos system of veins sympathetic trunks
69
describe the thoracic aorta
known as descending aorta begins T4 inferior border of T12 becomes abdominal aorta through aortic hiatus of diaphragm
70
thoracic aorta branches will arise in which vascular planes
unpaired to viscera extend anteriorly paired branches to viscera extend laterally paired segmental parietal branches extend mostly poterolaterally
71
major branches of the thoracic aorta
posterior intercostal arteries bronchial Arteies oesophageal arteries superior phrenic arteries
72
posterior intercostal ratios
paired parietal branches 9 pairs fro posterior aspect of aorta supplies intercostal spaces, except first 2 pass posteriorly and laterally in parallel with the ribs
73
bronchial arteries
paired visceral branches, normally 1 or two left always arise directly from thoracic right usually indirectly form right posterior intercostal supply the tracheobronchial treee
74
oesophageal arteries
unpaired visceral branches arise from anterior aspect of aorta normally 2 but can be up to 5 supply oesophagus
75
superior phrenic arteries
arise from anterior aspect of throacic aorta at aortic hiatus vary in number supply superior aspect of diaphragm
76
oesophagus leaving mediastinum
via oesophageal hiatus of diaphragm
77
oesophageal plexus
left and right vagus nerves immediately above diaphragm the fibres of the plexus converge to form anterior vagal trunk and posterior vagal trunk, travel along oesophagus as it exits thorax
78
thoracic duct
largest lymphatic vessel in the body allows return of lymph from most of the body originates from cisterns chyli in abdomen and enters diaphragm via aortic hiatus lies anteriorly to T6-12 before deviating left
79
3 major veins in the azygos system
azygos vein hemiazygos vein accessory hemiazygos vein
80
formation of the azygos vein
formed by union of right lumbar vein and right subcostal vein enters mediastinum through the aortic hiatus and drains into the superior vena cava
81
formation of the hemiazygos vein
union of the left lumbar and left subcostal veins enters through left crus of diaphragm ascending on the left side at T8 turns to right and combines with azygos vein
82
accessory hemiazygos vein
formed by union of the 4th to 8th intercostal veins drains into azygos at T7
83
sympathetic turns
paired bundles of nerves arising from these turns are lower thoracic splanchnic nerves
84
label A-M
A-left brachiocephalic vein B- left common carotid artery C-left vagus nerve D-left subclavian artery E-left recurrent laryngeal nerve F-thoracic duct G-oesophagus H-right vagus nerve I-trachea J- brachiocephalic trunk K-right brachiocephalic vein L- right phrenic nerve M-thymus

Medicine: Anatomy (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions