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Medicine: Anatomy > Anatomy: Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Anatomy: Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

primary functions of the abdominal wall

A

allow expansion of internal contents (pregnancy)
increase pressure intra-abdominally (childbirth/defecation/urination)

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2
Q

what is in this image

A

rectus abdominus
is bilaterally located

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3
Q

what is the rectus abdomens subdivided by

A

small tendinous intersections

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4
Q

three layers of the obliques

A

external
internal
transversus abdominus

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5
Q

external obliques

A

run anterioinferiorally

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6
Q

internal obliques

A

run downwards and outwards

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7
Q

transversus abdominus

A

horizontally lined fibres that run perpendicular to the rectus abdominus

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8
Q

what is in this image

A

linea albia

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9
Q

what does the posterior abdominal wall compose of

A

psoas major
iliacus
iliopsoas
quadratus lumborum
obliques
diaphragm

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10
Q

what is in this image

A

psoas major and minor
minor not in everyone
major is bilaterally located, minor is anteriorly
joins iliacus laterally
attaches to the femur
for posture, hip flexion

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11
Q

what is in this image

A

iliacus

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12
Q

what is in this image and what is it formed from

A

iliopsoas
iliacus and psoas major
deep to the inguinal ligament
for hip flexion

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13
Q

what is in this image

A

quadratus lumborum
square shape muscle in the lumbar region
attaches to the iliac crest inferiorally
superiorly attaches to the inferior 12th rib

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14
Q

label superficial to deep

A

external
internal
transversus abdominus

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15
Q

what is in this image

A

diaphragm
extends inferiorally
forms the superior boundary of the abdominal wall

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16
Q

what is in this image

A

inguinal ligament

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17
Q

where do nerves arise from

A

posteriorly either side of the vertebral column

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18
Q

posterior nerve branches

A

dorsal rami
enervate the deep back muscles and skin

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19
Q

anterior nerve branches

A

ventral rami
enervate the abdominal cavity, thigh and gluteal regions

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20
Q

how many lumbar vertebrae are there

A

5

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21
Q

how many thoracic vertebrae are there

A

12

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22
Q

where is the spinal nerve located

A

inferiorally to the corresponding vertebral level

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23
Q

what is the quadratus lumborus innervated by

A

T12

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24
Q

what is psoas major and iliacus innervated by

A

L2-L4

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25
Q

what does the femoral nerve supply to

A

anterior of the thigh
psoas major and iliacus

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26
Q

what is in this image

A

femoral nerve

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27
Q

what is in the image

A

anterolateral abdominal wall

28
Q

what are the two lines that section the four abdominal quadrants

A

vertical and horizontal
v- pubic synthesis, umbilicus, xiphoid process
h- directly through umbilicus

29
Q

what are the 4 quadrants of the abdomen

A

right upper
left upper
right lower
left lower

30
Q

what is located in the right upper quadrant

A

liver
gallbladder
part of the ascending colon
right colic flexure (hepatic flexure)
part of the transverse colon
duodenum

31
Q

what is located in the left upper quadrant

A

left lobe of the liver
majority of the stomach
left colic flexure (splenic flexure)
spleen
transverse colon
some of the small intestine

32
Q

what is located in the left lower quadrant

A

sigmoid colon
parts of the ileum and jejunum
rectum

33
Q

what is located in the right lower quadrant

A

secum
appendix
part of the ascending colon
ileo-colic junction

34
Q

what is in the image

A

midclavicular plane

35
Q

what subdivides the 9 regions of the abdomen

A

midclavicular plane
subcostal plane
transverse plane

36
Q

what is in the image

A

right hypochondriac regions

37
Q

what is in the image (middle)

A

epigastric

38
Q

what is in the image left to right

A

right lumbar
umbilical
left lumbar

39
Q

what is in the image bottom line left to right

A

right inguinal
pubic (hypogastric)
left inguinal

40
Q

label the 9 regions of the abdomen from the very top to bottom

A

right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac
right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar
right inguinal, hypogastric, left inguinal

41
Q

what is in the image

A

anterior median (midsternal) line

42
Q

what is in the image

A

midclavicular line

43
Q

what is in the image

A

rectus abdominus and tendinous intersections

44
Q

what is in the image

A

pubic symphysis

45
Q

what is in the image

A

midaxillary line

46
Q

what is in the image

A

anterior superior ileac spine

47
Q

what is in the image

A

ileac crest

48
Q

what is in the image

A

xiphoid process

49
Q

what is in the image

A

costal margin

50
Q

label from left to right

A

skin
superficial fascia- fatty layer/ Camper’s fascia
superficial fascia- membraneous layer/Scarpa’s fascia
parietal peritoneum
extraperitoneal fascia
transversalis fascia
transverse abdominis muscle
internal oblique muscle
external oblique muscle

51
Q

camper’s fascia

A

formed of adipose tissue of varying thuickness
continuous with the fascia of the thigh
in males: continues over the penis and scrotum
in females: component of the labia majora

52
Q

Scarpa’s fascia

A

in males this is continuous with the darts muscle of the scrotum

53
Q

what is the triangular muscle at the bottom of the abdominal called

A

pyramidalis

54
Q

what are the skin and muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall innervated by

A

lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves 7-12
anterior cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves 7-12
iliohypogastric L1 and ilio-inguinal nerves L1

55
Q

label 1-5

A
  1. costal margin
  2. ileac crest
  3. anterior superior ileac spine
  4. inguinal ligament
  5. pubic tubercle
56
Q

label 1-4

A
  1. linea alba
  2. tendinous intersections
  3. line semilunaris
  4. umbilicus
57
Q

what features of the lines alba make it suitable for a midline incision for abdominal surgery

A

fibrous structure so incision can be made to extend the length of the abdomen
poorly vascularised therefore blood loss is low
also means doesn’t heal well

58
Q

describe structure a

A

inferior epigastric artery
is a branch of the external ileac artery
anastamises with: superior epigastric artery, off the internal thoracic artery and off the subclavian artery

can be used to classify direct hernias medial to the inferior epigastric artery and indirect hernias lateral to it

59
Q

which dermatome supplies the skin around the umbilicus

A

t10

60
Q

what are the 2 points of attachment of the inguinal ligament

A

anterior most part of the ileac crest and the pubic tubercle

61
Q

what forms the anterior wall of the rectus sheath above the umbilicus

A

aponeurosis of external oblique and the anterior layer of the aponeurosis of internal oblique

62
Q

what forms the anterior wall of the rectus sheath below the umbilicus

A

the aponeurosis of external and internal oblique as well as that of the transversus abdominus

63
Q

which nerves supply the abdominal wall muscles

A

spinal nerves T7-11 and L1

64
Q

which arteries supply the super-medial aspect of the anterior abdominal wall

A

superior epigstric

65
Q

where do the lymphatics of the anterior abdominal wall above the umbilicus drain to

A

the axillary lymph nodes

66
Q

what is an aponeurosis

A

a thin sheath of connective tissue that helps connect your muscle to your bones

Medicine: Anatomy (20 decks)

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