Anatomy: Abdominal Wall

Question 1

primary functions of the abdominal wall

Answer 1

allow expansion of internal contents (pregnancy)
increase pressure intra-abdominally (childbirth/defecation/urination)

Question 2

what is in this image

Answer 2

rectus abdominus
is bilaterally located

Question 3

what is the rectus abdomens subdivided by

Answer 3

small tendinous intersections

Question 4

three layers of the obliques

Answer 4

external
internal
transversus abdominus

Question 5

external obliques

Answer 5

run anterioinferiorally

Question 6

internal obliques

Answer 6

run downwards and outwards

Question 7

transversus abdominus

Answer 7

horizontally lined fibres that run perpendicular to the rectus abdominus

Question 8

what is in this image

Answer 8

linea albia

Question 9

what does the posterior abdominal wall compose of

Answer 9

psoas major
iliacus
iliopsoas
quadratus lumborum
obliques
diaphragm

Question 10

what is in this image

Answer 10

psoas major and minor
minor not in everyone
major is bilaterally located, minor is anteriorly
joins iliacus laterally
attaches to the femur
for posture, hip flexion

Question 11

what is in this image

Answer 11

iliacus

Question 12

what is in this image and what is it formed from

Answer 12

iliopsoas
iliacus and psoas major
deep to the inguinal ligament
for hip flexion

Question 13

what is in this image

Answer 13

quadratus lumborum
square shape muscle in the lumbar region
attaches to the iliac crest inferiorally
superiorly attaches to the inferior 12th rib

Question 14

label superficial to deep

Answer 14

external
internal
transversus abdominus

Question 15

what is in this image

Answer 15

diaphragm
extends inferiorally
forms the superior boundary of the abdominal wall

Question 16

what is in this image

Answer 16

inguinal ligament

Question 17

where do nerves arise from

Answer 17

posteriorly either side of the vertebral column

Question 18

posterior nerve branches

Answer 18

dorsal rami
enervate the deep back muscles and skin

Question 19

anterior nerve branches

Answer 19

ventral rami
enervate the abdominal cavity, thigh and gluteal regions

Question 20

how many lumbar vertebrae are there

Answer 20

5

Question 21

how many thoracic vertebrae are there

Answer 21

12

Question 22

where is the spinal nerve located

Answer 22

inferiorally to the corresponding vertebral level

Question 23

what is the quadratus lumborus innervated by

Answer 23

T12

Question 24

what is psoas major and iliacus innervated by

Answer 24

L2-L4

Question 25

what does the femoral nerve supply to

Answer 25

anterior of the thigh psoas major and iliacus

Question 26

what is in this image

Answer 26

femoral nerve

Question 27

what is in the image

Answer 27

anterolateral abdominal wall

Question 28

what are the two lines that section the four abdominal quadrants

Answer 28

vertical and horizontal v- pubic synthesis, umbilicus, xiphoid process h- directly through umbilicus

Question 29

what are the 4 quadrants of the abdomen

Answer 29

right upper left upper right lower left lower

Question 30

what is located in the right upper quadrant

Answer 30

liver gallbladder part of the ascending colon right colic flexure (hepatic flexure) part of the transverse colon duodenum

Question 31

what is located in the left upper quadrant

Answer 31

left lobe of the liver majority of the stomach left colic flexure (splenic flexure) spleen transverse colon some of the small intestine

Question 32

what is located in the left lower quadrant

Answer 32

sigmoid colon parts of the ileum and jejunum rectum

Question 33

what is located in the right lower quadrant

Answer 33

secum appendix part of the ascending colon ileo-colic junction

Question 34

what is in the image

Answer 34

midclavicular plane

Question 35

what subdivides the 9 regions of the abdomen

Answer 35

midclavicular plane subcostal plane transverse plane

Question 36

what is in the image

Answer 36

right hypochondriac regions

Question 37

what is in the image (middle)

Answer 37

epigastric

Question 38

what is in the image left to right

Answer 38

right lumbar umbilical left lumbar

Question 39

what is in the image bottom line left to right

Answer 39

right inguinal pubic (hypogastric) left inguinal

Question 40

label the 9 regions of the abdomen from the very top to bottom

Answer 40

right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar right inguinal, hypogastric, left inguinal

Question 41

what is in the image

Answer 41

anterior median (midsternal) line

Question 42

what is in the image

Answer 42

midclavicular line

Question 43

what is in the image

Answer 43

rectus abdominus and tendinous intersections

Question 44

what is in the image

Answer 44

pubic symphysis

Question 45

what is in the image

Answer 45

midaxillary line

Question 46

what is in the image

Answer 46

anterior superior ileac spine

Question 47

what is in the image

Answer 47

ileac crest

Question 48

what is in the image

Answer 48

xiphoid process

Question 49

what is in the image

Answer 49

costal margin

Question 50

label from left to right

Answer 50

skin superficial fascia- fatty layer/ Camper's fascia superficial fascia- membraneous layer/Scarpa's fascia parietal peritoneum extraperitoneal fascia transversalis fascia transverse abdominis muscle internal oblique muscle external oblique muscle

Question 51

camper's fascia

Answer 51

formed of adipose tissue of varying thuickness continuous with the fascia of the thigh in males: continues over the penis and scrotum in females: component of the labia majora

Question 52

Scarpa's fascia

Answer 52

in males this is continuous with the darts muscle of the scrotum

Question 53

what is the triangular muscle at the bottom of the abdominal called

Answer 53

pyramidalis

Question 54

what are the skin and muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall innervated by

Answer 54

lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves 7-12 anterior cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves 7-12 iliohypogastric L1 and ilio-inguinal nerves L1

Question 55

label 1-5

Answer 55

1. costal margin 2. ileac crest 3. anterior superior ileac spine 4. inguinal ligament 5. pubic tubercle

Question 56

label 1-4

Answer 56

1. linea alba 2. tendinous intersections 3. line semilunaris 4. umbilicus

Question 57

what features of the lines alba make it suitable for a midline incision for abdominal surgery

Answer 57

fibrous structure so incision can be made to extend the length of the abdomen poorly vascularised therefore blood loss is low also means doesn't heal well

Question 58

describe structure a

Answer 58

inferior epigastric artery is a branch of the external ileac artery anastamises with: superior epigastric artery, off the internal thoracic artery and off the subclavian artery can be used to classify direct hernias medial to the inferior epigastric artery and indirect hernias lateral to it

Question 59

which dermatome supplies the skin around the umbilicus

Answer 59

t10

Question 60

what are the 2 points of attachment of the inguinal ligament

Answer 60

anterior most part of the ileac crest and the pubic tubercle

Question 61

what forms the anterior wall of the rectus sheath above the umbilicus

Answer 61

aponeurosis of external oblique and the anterior layer of the aponeurosis of internal oblique

Question 62

what forms the anterior wall of the rectus sheath below the umbilicus

Answer 62

the aponeurosis of external and internal oblique as well as that of the transversus abdominus

Question 63

which nerves supply the abdominal wall muscles

Answer 63

spinal nerves T7-11 and L1

Question 64

which arteries supply the super-medial aspect of the anterior abdominal wall

Answer 64

superior epigstric

Question 65

where do the lymphatics of the anterior abdominal wall above the umbilicus drain to

Answer 65

the axillary lymph nodes

Question 66

what is an aponeurosis

Answer 66

a thin sheath of connective tissue that helps connect your muscle to your bones