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Medicine: Anatomy > Anatomy: Hindgut > Flashcards

Anatomy: Hindgut Flashcards

1
Q

where does the hindgut begin

A

distal 1/3 of the transverse colon

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2
Q

where does the large intestine run from and to

A

caecum to the Anal canal

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3
Q

4 parts of the large intestine

A

ascending
transverse
descending
sigmoid

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4
Q

ascending colon

A

retroperitoneal
caecum to the hepatic flexure

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5
Q

where is the hepatic flexure

A

where the large intestine meets the right lobe of the liver

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6
Q

transverse colon

A

right hepatic flexure to the splenic flexure
attached to the diaphragm by the phrenicolic ligament
intraperitoneal and enclosed by the transverse mesocolon

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7
Q

descending colon

A

left colic/splenic flexure to when colon turns medially at the sigmoid
retroperitoneal

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8
Q

sigmoid

A

attached to posterior pelvic wall by the mesentery called the sigmoid mesocolon
length of the mesocolon allows mobility

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9
Q

paracolic gutters

A

spaces between the ascending and descending colon and the posterolateral abdominal wall

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10
Q

distinguishing features of the large intestine from the small intestine

A

has ommental appendices
has tenaie coli
has haustra

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11
Q

ommental appendices

A

small pouches of peritoneum filled with fat

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12
Q

tenaie coli

A

3 strips of muscle
mesocolic, free and ommental

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13
Q

haustra

A

tenaie coli shorten the wall of the bowel producing sacculations
these cease at the rectosigmoidal junction

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14
Q

arterial supply to the large intestine

A

hind gut is supplied by the inferior mesenteric
transverse distal 1/3 is supplied by the left colic
sigmoid receives from a branch of the inferior mesenteric called the sigmoid

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15
Q

venous drainage of the large intestine

A

transverse is the middle colic which empties into the superior mesenteric
descending is left colic to the inferior mesenteric
sigmoid is sigmoid veins to inferior mesenteric
inferior and superior mesenteric into the hepatic portal

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16
Q

innervation of the large intestine

A

distal 1/3 of the transverse, descending and sigmoid from the inferior mesenteric plexus
parasympathetic by the pelvic splanchnic nerves
sympathetic by lumbar splanchnic nerves

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17
Q

lymphatic drainage of the large intestine

A

transverse to superior mesenteric nodes
descending and sigmoid to inferior mesenteric nodes

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18
Q

rectum location

A

most distal part of the large intestine
temporary faeces storage
proximally is the sigmoid colon and terminates into the anal canal

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19
Q

where does the rectum begin

A

at S3

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20
Q

anatomical structure of the rectum

A

no tenaie coli, haustra or ommental appendices
2 major flexures
ampulla
peritoneal coverings

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21
Q

2 major flexures in the rectum

A

sacral
anorectal

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22
Q

sacral flexure

A

anteroposterior curve with concavity anteriorly

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23
Q

anorectal flexure

A

anteroposterior curve with convexity anteriorly formed by the tone of puborectalis muscle

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24
Q

3 other flexures in the rectum

A

superior
immediate
inferior

formed by the folds of the internal rectal wall

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25
ampulla
relaxes to accumulate and store faeces until defecation and passes through the pelvic floor to the end of the anus
26
peritoneal coverings of the rectum
superior third, anterior and lateral sides middle third has an anterior peritoneal covering lower third has no covering
27
peritoneum in the rectum in males
peritoneum reflection from rectum to posterior bladder wall forms the rectovesical pouch
28
peritoneum in the rectum in females
peritoneum reflects to the posterior vagina and cervix forming the rectouterine pouch/pouch of Douglas
29
anterior anatomical relations in males of the rectum
rectovesical pouch sigmoid colon ileum bladder prostate semina vesicles
30
anterior anatomical relations In females of the rectum
rectouterine pouch sigmoid colon ileum vagina cervix
31
posterior anatomical relations in males and females of the rectum
sacrum and coccyx piriformis coccygeus levator ani sacral plexus
32
arterial supply of the rectum
superior rectal, continuation of the inferior mesenteric middle rectal, branch of the internal ileac inferior rectal, branch of the internal pudenal
33
venous drainage of the rectum
superior rectal, drains into the portal venous middle rectal inferior rectal the other two both drain into the systemic portocaval anastomoses: anastomoses between the portal and systemic veins located in the wall of the anal canal
34
sympathetic innervation of the rectum
lumbar splanchnic superior and inferior hypogastric plexuses
35
parasympathetic innervation of the rectum
from S2-S4 via the pelvic splanchnic and inferior hypogastric plexuses visceral afferent follow this supply
36
lymphatic drainage of the rectum
pararectal lymph nodes, drain to the inferior mesenteric lower aspect of rectum drain to internal ileac nodes
37
2 sphincters of the anal canal
internal and external
38
internal sphincter of the anal canal
surrounds the upper 2/3 of canal formed from thickening of involuntary circular muscle in the bowel wall
39
external sphincter of the anal canal
voluntary muscle surrounding lower 2/3 of the canal bends superiorly with puborectalis muscle of the pelvic floor
40
anorectal ring
junction of the rectum and anal canal formed by sphincter fusion with the puborectalis muscle, it is palpable
41
internal structure of the anal canal
superior has simple columnar epithelium mucosa organised into longitudinal folds called anal columns joined by inferior ends by anal valves above valves are anal sinuses which are small pouches that contain glands that secrete mucous
42
pectinate line
divides canal into upper and lower
43
above the pectinate line
derived form the embryonic hind gut
44
below the pectinate line
derived form the ectoderm of proctodeum
45
epithelium transition in the anal canal
inferior to the line is non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium, pale and smooth transitions to true skin at the intersphincteric groove to keratinised stratified squamous
46
female anatomical relations of the anal canal
perineal body urogenital diaphragm vagina
47
male anatomical relations of the anal canal
perineal body urogenital urethra Bulb of penis
48
posterior anatomical relations of the Anal canal
anococcygeal ligament coccyx sacrum
49
lateral anatomical relations of the anal canal
ischioanal fossae
50
arterial supply above pectinate line
superior rectal, branch of inferior mesenteric anastomosing branches from the middle rectal
51
venous drainage above pectinate line
superior rectal vein, empties to inferior mesenteric portal system
52
nerve supply above pectinate line
visceral innervation via inferior hypogastric plexus
53
lymphatics above pectinate line
internal iliac
54
arterial supply below pectinate line
inferior rectal, branch of internal pudenal anastomosing branches from middle recal
55
venous drainage below pectinate line
inferior rectal empties into internal pudenal vein systemic system
56
nerve supply below pectinate line
somatic innervation via inferire rectal nerves branches of pudenal nerve
57
lymphatic drainage below pectinate line
superficial inguinal
58
inferior mesenteric
supplies the hindgut arises at L3 retroperitoneal 3 major branches
59
3 major branches of inferior mesenteric
left colic sigmoid superior rectal
60
left colic
distal 1/3 of the transverse colon and the descending colon ascending branch: left kidney anteriorly, enters mesentery of transverse colon and travels superiorly to distal 1/3 transverse and upper descending descending: moves inferiorly to supply lower descending colon, anastomoses with superior sigmoid
61
sigmoid
supplies the descending and sigmoid 2-4 branches upper is the superior sigmoid run inferiorly, obliquely and to the left
62
superior rectal
supplies rectum descends into the pelvis at S3 divides into 2 terminal branches within the walls will communicate with middle and inferior rectal

Medicine: Anatomy (20 decks)

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