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Medicine: Anatomy > Anatomy: Breast and Axilla > Flashcards

Anatomy: Breast and Axilla Flashcards

1
Q

what are the pectoral muscles surrounded by

A

pectoral facia

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2
Q

where is the breast tissue located

A

on a facia
gap between the pectoral muscles and the breast tissue called retromammary space
lies between ribs 2-6

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3
Q

how much of the breast lies over each muscle

A

2/3 over pectorals major
1/3 over serratus anterior

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4
Q

what is highlighted in this image

A

suspensory retinacula of breast
coopers ligamants
attach from breast chest wall to the dermis of the skin §

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5
Q

what is in this image

A

medial mammary branches of perforating branch of internal thoracic artery

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6
Q

what is in this image

A

lateral mammry branches of thoracic artery

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7
Q

what is in this image

A

pectoral branches of thoracoacromial artery

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8
Q

which pattern do the veins follow in the breast

A

follow the arteries

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9
Q

where do veins mainly drain to

A

axillary vein

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10
Q

which directions do nerves arise from

A

medially and laterally

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11
Q

what is in this image

A

anterior cutaneous branch of anterior ramus

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12
Q

what is in this image

A

lateral cutaneous branch of anterior ramus of thoracic nerve

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13
Q

what can the lymphatic system greatly contribute to

A

the metastasis of breast cancer

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14
Q

75% of lymph drainage is associate with what

A

the axillary artery

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15
Q

what is in this image

A

anterior axillary lymph nodes
also known as pectoral

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16
Q

what is in this image

A

central axillary lymph nodes

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17
Q

what is in this image

A

lateral axillary lymph nodes

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18
Q

what is in this image

A

posterior axillary nodes

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19
Q

where does the other 25% drain

A

medially
run alongside the internal thoracic artery, parasternal nodes
some drain towards the sternum and some drain towards the abdominal muscles
this is how cancer can metastasise

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20
Q

function of the lymphatic system

A

immune response as it produces white blood cells
returns lymph (formerly interstitial fluid) to the blood
filter blood and lymph

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21
Q

what is in this image and explain

A

thoracic duct
lymph from below the diaphragm, left side of the head and neck, left side of the thorax and upper left extremity will be drained from the thoracic duct

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22
Q

what is in this image and explain

A

right lymphatic duct
lymph from the right upper limb and thorax, right side of the head and neck will be drained from the right lymphatic duct

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23
Q

where do both the thoracic duct and lymphatic duct drain from

A

where the jugular vein meets the subclavian vein
forms a 90 degree angle
called the Venus angle
left lymph goes to the left Venus angle

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24
Q

what is in this image and describe

A

lymph node
has 5 afferent vessels and 1 efferent vessel
lymph enters via the afferent, to the cortex fluid to the medulla then exits via the efferent
has its own arteriole and venous supple
there will be an immune response if an antigen is reached as white blood cells are located inside

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25
what is in this image
latissimus dorsi
26
what is in this image
inter tubercular sulcus
27
what is in this image
humerus
28
what is in this image
pectoralis major
29
what is in this image
pectoralis minor
30
what is in this image
pectoralis major
31
what is in this image
pectoralis minor
32
what is in this image
serratus anterior
33
what is in this image
serratus anterior
34
what is in this image
teres major
35
what is in this image
subscapularis
36
what is in this image
axillary artery
37
what is in this image
axillary vein
38
what composes the anterior border of the axilla
pectorals major pectoralis minor
39
what composes the medial border of the axilla
serratus anterior thoracic wall
40
what composes the posterior border of the axilla
scapulars teres major latissimus dorsi
41
what composes the lateral border of the axilla
inter tubercular sulcus
42
label A and E
A- interstitial fluid E- lymph
43
what makes lymph move in the body
muscle contractions and pressure changes caused by breathing
44
which cell type lines the lymphatic vessels
simple squamous epithelium
45
lymph from the right lymphatic duct enters the systemic circulation at which point
the junction of the right subclavian vein and the jugular vein
46
what muscle is highlighted in green
pectoralis major
47
which region of the breast is highlighted in green
breast lobule
48
which lymph nodes drain the superomedial aspect of the breast
parasternal nodes
49
which lymph nodes are involved in the lymphatic spread of cancer from one breast to another
parasternal
50
label A-F
A-lateral thoracic artery B- axillary artery C- pectoral branch of the thoracic-acromical artery D- subclavian artery E- internal thoracic artery F- medial mammary branch of the internal thoracic artery
51
which group of nodes receives 75% of the lymphatic drainage of the breast tissue
axillary nodes
52
what is shown in black
subareolar plexus
53
label all three arrows of nodes in a clockwise direction
axillary parasternal inferior phrenic
54
label red to blue
red- apical axillary LN pink- central axillary LN green- posterior axillary LN yellow- lateral axillary LN blue- anterior axillary LN
55
label blue to green
blue- anterior axillary LN yellow- lateral axillary LN green- posterior axillary LN
56
label pink and red
pink- central red- apical
57
which direction do the posterior, lateral and anterior axillary lymph nodes drain to
central axillary
58
which direction do the central axillary drain to
apical
59
what is in blue
parasternal
60
after the parasternal nodes where can lymph drain to
directly to the other breast or to the right lymphatic duct or the thoracic duct

Medicine: Anatomy (20 decks)

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