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Medicine: Anatomy > Anatomy: Breast and Axilla > Flashcards

Anatomy: Breast and Axilla Flashcards

1
Q

what are the pectoral muscles surrounded by

A

pectoral facia

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2
Q

where is the breast tissue located

A

on a facia
gap between the pectoral muscles and the breast tissue called retromammary space
lies between ribs 2-6

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3
Q

how much of the breast lies over each muscle

A

2/3 over pectorals major
1/3 over serratus anterior

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4
Q

what is highlighted in this image

A

suspensory retinacula of breast
coopers ligamants
attach from breast chest wall to the dermis of the skin §

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5
Q

what is in this image

A

medial mammary branches of perforating branch of internal thoracic artery

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6
Q

what is in this image

A

lateral mammry branches of thoracic artery

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7
Q

what is in this image

A

pectoral branches of thoracoacromial artery

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8
Q

which pattern do the veins follow in the breast

A

follow the arteries

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9
Q

where do veins mainly drain to

A

axillary vein

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10
Q

which directions do nerves arise from

A

medially and laterally

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11
Q

what is in this image

A

anterior cutaneous branch of anterior ramus

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12
Q

what is in this image

A

lateral cutaneous branch of anterior ramus of thoracic nerve

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13
Q

what can the lymphatic system greatly contribute to

A

the metastasis of breast cancer

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14
Q

75% of lymph drainage is associate with what

A

the axillary artery

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15
Q

what is in this image

A

anterior axillary lymph nodes
also known as pectoral

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16
Q

what is in this image

A

central axillary lymph nodes

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17
Q

what is in this image

A

lateral axillary lymph nodes

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18
Q

what is in this image

A

posterior axillary nodes

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19
Q

where does the other 25% drain

A

medially
run alongside the internal thoracic artery, parasternal nodes
some drain towards the sternum and some drain towards the abdominal muscles
this is how cancer can metastasise

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20
Q

function of the lymphatic system

A

immune response as it produces white blood cells
returns lymph (formerly interstitial fluid) to the blood
filter blood and lymph

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21
Q

what is in this image and explain

A

thoracic duct
lymph from below the diaphragm, left side of the head and neck, left side of the thorax and upper left extremity will be drained from the thoracic duct

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22
Q

what is in this image and explain

A

right lymphatic duct
lymph from the right upper limb and thorax, right side of the head and neck will be drained from the right lymphatic duct

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23
Q

where do both the thoracic duct and lymphatic duct drain from

A

where the jugular vein meets the subclavian vein
forms a 90 degree angle
called the Venus angle
left lymph goes to the left Venus angle

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24
Q

what is in this image and describe

A

lymph node
has 5 afferent vessels and 1 efferent vessel
lymph enters via the afferent, to the cortex fluid to the medulla then exits via the efferent
has its own arteriole and venous supple
there will be an immune response if an antigen is reached as white blood cells are located inside

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25
Q

what is in this image

A

latissimus dorsi

26
Q

what is in this image

A

inter tubercular sulcus

27
Q

what is in this image

A

humerus

28
Q

what is in this image

A

pectoralis major

29
Q

what is in this image

A

pectoralis minor

30
Q

what is in this image

A

pectoralis major

31
Q

what is in this image

A

pectoralis minor

32
Q

what is in this image

A

serratus anterior

33
Q

what is in this image

A

serratus anterior

34
Q

what is in this image

A

teres major

35
Q

what is in this image

A

subscapularis

36
Q

what is in this image

A

axillary artery

37
Q

what is in this image

A

axillary vein

38
Q

what composes the anterior border of the axilla

A

pectorals major
pectoralis minor

39
Q

what composes the medial border of the axilla

A

serratus anterior
thoracic wall

40
Q

what composes the posterior border of the axilla

A

scapulars
teres major
latissimus dorsi

41
Q

what composes the lateral border of the axilla

A

inter tubercular sulcus

42
Q

label A and E

A

A- interstitial fluid
E- lymph

43
Q

what makes lymph move in the body

A

muscle contractions and pressure changes caused by breathing

44
Q

which cell type lines the lymphatic vessels

A

simple squamous epithelium

45
Q

lymph from the right lymphatic duct enters the systemic circulation at which point

A

the junction of the right subclavian vein and the jugular vein

46
Q

what muscle is highlighted in green

A

pectoralis major

47
Q

which region of the breast is highlighted in green

A

breast lobule

48
Q

which lymph nodes drain the superomedial aspect of the breast

A

parasternal nodes

49
Q

which lymph nodes are involved in the lymphatic spread of cancer from one breast to another

A

parasternal

50
Q

label A-F

A

A-lateral thoracic artery
B- axillary artery
C- pectoral branch of the thoracic-acromical artery
D- subclavian artery
E- internal thoracic artery
F- medial mammary branch of the internal thoracic artery

51
Q

which group of nodes receives 75% of the lymphatic drainage of the breast tissue

A

axillary nodes

52
Q

what is shown in black

A

subareolar plexus

53
Q

label all three arrows of nodes in a clockwise direction

A

axillary
parasternal
inferior phrenic

54
Q

label red to blue

A

red- apical axillary LN
pink- central axillary LN
green- posterior axillary LN
yellow- lateral axillary LN
blue- anterior axillary LN

55
Q

label blue to green

A

blue- anterior axillary LN
yellow- lateral axillary LN
green- posterior axillary LN

56
Q

label pink and red

A

pink- central
red- apical

57
Q

which direction do the posterior, lateral and anterior axillary lymph nodes drain to

A

central axillary

58
Q

which direction do the central axillary drain to

A

apical

59
Q

what is in blue

A

parasternal

60
Q

after the parasternal nodes where can lymph drain to

A

directly to the other breast
or to the right lymphatic duct or the thoracic duct

Medicine: Anatomy (20 decks)

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