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Medicine: Anatomy > Anatomy: Lungs > Flashcards

Anatomy: Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

function of the lungs

A

oxygenate blood
inspire air in close contact with oxygen poor blood in pulmonary capillaries

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2
Q

what are the lungs surrounded by

A

a pleural cavity
formed by visceral and parietal pleura

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3
Q

what are the lungs suspended by the mediastinum by

A

the lung root

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4
Q

anatomical relations of the left lung

A

heart
arch of the aorta
thoracic aorta
oesophagus

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5
Q

anatomical relations of the right lung

A

oesophagus
heart
inferior vena cava
superior vena cava
azygous vein

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6
Q

what does each lung consist of

A

apex
base
lobes
surfaces
borders

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7
Q

apex

A

blunt superior end of the lung
projects upwards above the level of the 1st rib into the floor of the neck

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8
Q

base

A

inferior surface of the lung which sits on the diaphragm

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9
Q

surfaces

A

correspond to the area of the thorax that they face
costal
mediastinal
diaphragmatic

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10
Q

borders

A

edges of the lungs
anterior
inferior
posterior

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11
Q

right lung lobes

A

has 3 lobes: superior, middle and inferior
divided by oblique and horizontal fissures

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12
Q

left lung lobes

A

superior and inferior
separated by oblique fissures

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13
Q

oblique fissure

A

runs from inferior border of the lung in a super-posterior direction
until it meets the posterior lung border

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14
Q

horizontal fissure

A

runs horizontally from the sternum
at the level of the 4th rib
to meet the oblique fissure

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15
Q

mediastinal surface

A

faces the lateral aspect of the middle mediastinum
hilum of the lung is located on this surface

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16
Q

diaphragmatic surface

A

forms the base of the lung
rests on the dome of the diaphragm and has a concave shape
deeper concave in the right lung due to the higher position of the right dome overlying the liver

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17
Q

costal surface

A

smooth and convex
faces internal surface of the chest wall
related to the costal pleura, separates it from the ribs and innermost intercostals

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18
Q

anterior border

A

formed by convergence of the mediastinal and costal surfaces
left lung the anterior border is marked by the cardiac notch

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19
Q

cardiac notch

A

deep imprint
created by the apex of the heart

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20
Q

inferior border

A

separates the base of the lung from the costal and mediastinal surfaces

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21
Q

posterior border

A

smooth and rounded
formed by costal and mediastinal surfaces meeting posteriorly

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22
Q

lung root

A

contains bronchus, pulmonary artery, 2 pulmonary veins, bronchial vessels, pulmonary plexus of nerves and lymphatic vessels

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23
Q

hilum

A

wedge shaped area on mediastinal surface

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24
Q

bronchial tree

A

trachea
left and right bronchus
bronchus enters root of lung passing through hilum
in lung divide into lobar bronchi, one to each lobe
each divide into several tertiary segmental bronchi
air to bronchopulmonary segment
rise to many bronchioles
terminal bronchioles
alveoli

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25
arterial supply to the lungs
supplied with deoxygenated blood by pulmonary arteries bronchial arteries supply the bronchi, lung roots, visceral pleura and supporting lung tissues
26
venous drainage from the lungs
pulmonary veins bronchial veins right bronchial vein drains to azygous vein and left drains to accessory hemiazygos vein
27
what are the nerve supply of the lungs derived from
pulmonary plexuses
28
parasympathetic nerve supply to the lungs
vagus nerve stimulate secretion from bronchial glands, contraction of the bronchial smooth muscle and vasodilation of the pulmonary vessels
29
sympathetic nerve supply to the lungs
derived from the sympathetic trunks stimulate relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle and vasoconstriction of pulmonary vessels
30
visceral afferent supply to the lungs
conduct pain impulses to the sensory ganglion of the vagus nerve
31
2 plexuses for lymphatic drainage
superficial/ sub pleural deep both drain into the trachebronchial nodes, located around bifurcation of trachea and main bronchi lymph then passes into right and left bronchomediastinal trunks
32
superficial plexus
drains from the lung parenchyma
33
deep plexus
drains structures of the lung root
34
what forms the tracheobronchial tree
trachea bronchi bronchioles
35
anatomical position of the trachea
lower border of the cricoid cartilage travels inferiorly to the superior mediastinum bifurcates at the sternal angle
36
trachea structure
held open by C-shaped cartilage rings free ends of the rings supported by tracheal muscle lined with ciliated pseudo stratified columnar epithelium, has goblet cells forms the mucociliary escalator ridge of cartilage called Carina at the birfurcation of the primary bronchi
37
mucociliary escalator function
traps inhaled pathogens and particles moves them up and out of airways to be swallowed and destroyed
38
carina
ridge of cartilage at bifurcation of primary bronchi sensitive area of the trachea for triggering the cough reflex seen on a bronchoscopy
39
neurovascular supply of the trachea
sensory from the recurrent laryngeal nerve arterial supply is inferior thyroid artery venous drainage is brachiocephalic, azygos and accessory hemiazygos
40
where does the trachea bifurcate
at the level of the sternal angle
41
right main bronchus
wider shorter and descends more vertically than the left results in higher incidence of foreign body inhalation right superior lobar arises before the right main bronchus enters the hilum
42
left main bronchus
passes inferiorly to the arch of the aorta anteriorly to the thoracic aorta and oesophagus in order to reach the hilum of the left lung
43
neuromuscular supply to the bronchi
vagus nerve, CNX blood supply is bronchial arteries venous drainage is into the bronchial veins
44
club cells
produce a surfactant lipoprotein preventing the walls of the small airways sticking together during expiration
45
alveoli
tiny air filled pockets with thin walls simple squamous epithelium site of gaseous exchange
46
what does the pleura consist of
serous membrane layer of simple squamous cells supported by connective tissue also known as the mesothelium
47
2 types fo pleura
visceral parietal
48
pleural cavity
potential space between the viscera and parietal pleura
49
types of parietal pleura in the lungs
mediastinal cervical costal diaphragmatic
50
mediastinal pleura
cover lateral aspect of the mediastinum
51
cervical pleura
lines extension of the pleural cavity into the neck
52
costal pleura
covers the inner aspect of the ribs, costal cartilages and intercostal muscles
53
diaphragmatic pleura
covers the thoracic surface of the diaphragm
54
pleural cavity function
contains a small amount of serous fluid lubricates the surfaces of the pleurae to allow them to slide over each other also provides surface tension, pulling the parietal and visceral pleura together ensures when the thorax expands the lung also expands and fills with air
55
pleural recesses
anteriorly and posteriorly the pleural cavity isn't completely filled by the lungs
56
2 recesses present in each pleural cavity
costodiaphragmatic costomediastinal
57
costodiaphragmatic recess
located between the costal pleurae and the diaphragmatic pleurae
58
costomediastinal recess
located between the costal pleurae and the mediastinal pleurae behind the sternum
59
innervation of the parietal pleura
sensitive to pressure, pain and temperature produces well localised pain phrenic and intercostal nerves
60
arterial supply to the parietal pleura
intercostal arteries
61
innervation of the visceral pleura
sensory fibres detect stretch pulmonary plexus
62
arterial supply of the visceral pleura
bronchial arteries

Medicine: Anatomy (20 decks)

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