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Medicine: Anatomy > Anatomy: Distal Lower Limb > Flashcards

Anatomy: Distal Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

what is the popliteal fossa

A

diamond shaped depression on the posterior aspect of the knee

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2
Q

superomedial border of the popliteal fossa

A

semimembranosus

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3
Q

superolateral border of the popliteal fossa

A

biceps femoris
long head

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4
Q

inferomedial border of the popliteal fossa

A

gastrocnemius medial head

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5
Q

inferolateral border of the popliteal fossa

A

gastrocnemius lateral head

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6
Q

deep/floor border of the popliteal fossa

A

popliteal surface of the femur

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7
Q

roof border of the popliteal fossa

A

skin and popliteal fascia

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8
Q

most important structures of the popliteal fossa

A

popliteal artery
popliteal vein
tibial nerve
common fibular nerve

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9
Q

label the image

A
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10
Q

group action of muscles of the anterior leg

A

from knee to ankle
front of the leg
dorsiflexion

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11
Q

what are the muscles of the anterior leg

A

they’re all located on the lateral side of the ridge of the tibia
tibialis anterior
extensor hallucis longus
extensor digitorum longus
fibulas tertius

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12
Q

label the image

A
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13
Q

tibialis anterior function

A

dorsiflexion and inversion

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14
Q

extensor hallucis longus function

A

dorsiflexion
extension of big toe

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15
Q

extensor digitorum longue action

A

dorsiflexion
extension of other toes

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16
Q

fibulas tertius action

A

dorsiflexion and eversion

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17
Q

muscles of the lateral leg

A

fibularis longus
fibularis brevis
pass between lateral malleolus of the fibular and calcaneus

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18
Q

label the image

A
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19
Q

fibularis longus

A

overlies brevis
longer tendon
attaches to the 1st metatarsal

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20
Q

fibularis brevis

A

closer to fibular
tendon to the 5th metatarsal

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21
Q

action of muscles of the lateral leg

A

plantar flexion and eversion
assisted by the fibularis tertius in eversion

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22
Q

where are dominant plantar flexors located

A

in the posterior compartment

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23
Q

innervation of muscles of the lateral leg

A

superficial fibular

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24
Q

common fibular split

A

superficial fibula to the lateral component
deep fibular to the anterior compartment

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25
Q

muscles of the posterior leg, groups

A

superficial component and deep component

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26
Q

innervation of muscles of the posterior leg

A

tibial nerve

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27
Q

common action of muscles of the posterior leg

A

plantar flexion

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28
Q

muscles of the superficial component of the posterior leg

A

gastrocnemius
planters
soleus

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29
Q

gastrocnemius

A

attaches to knee aswell so has function in knee flexion
stabilises the knee in plantar flexion

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30
Q

planters

A

long thin tendon
attaches to the calcaneus
plantar flexion
posterior to the knee

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31
Q

soleus

A

plantar flexion
deep to gastrocnemius
doesn’t cross knee
is the dominant plantar flexor

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32
Q

label the image of the superficial component of the posterior leg

A
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33
Q

common attachment of the muscles of superficial component of the posterior leg

A

calcaneal tendon

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34
Q

muscles of the deep compartment of the posterior leg

A

tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus

tendons pass through the medial malleolus and calcaneus
through the tarsal tunnel

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35
Q

components of the tarsal tunnel

A

tom dick and harry
tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus

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36
Q

tibialis posterior

A

plantar flexion

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37
Q

flexor digitorum longus

A

flex 4 lateral digits, plantar flex

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38
Q

flexor hallucis longus

A

flex big toe, long tendon

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39
Q

label image of muscles of deep compartment of posterior leg

A
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40
Q

extensor retinaculum

A

connective tissue holding tendon into the foot
allows more efficient contraction of the muscles higher up

41
Q

muscles on the top surface of the foot

A

extensor hallucis brevis
extensor digitorum brevis

assits in muscles from anterior leg

42
Q

label the image

A
43
Q

how many layers of muscles are there in the foot

A

4

44
Q

tissue in the plantar surface of the foot

A

plantar aponeurosis

45
Q

label the image

A
46
Q

muscles in the plantar surface of the foot

A

flexor digitorum brevis
abductor hallucis
abductor digiti minimi

47
Q

abductor hallucis

A

hallux abduction

48
Q

abductor digiti minimi

A

little toe abduction

49
Q

bones in the distal lower limb

A

bones of foot
tibia
fibula

50
Q

groups of bones in the foot

A

tarsals
metatarsals
phalanges

51
Q

label the image

A
52
Q

what are the 3 regions of the foot

A

hindfoot
midfoot
forefoot

53
Q

hindfoot

A

talus and calcaneus

54
Q

mid foot

A

navicular
cuboid
cuneiforms

55
Q

forefoot

A

metatarsals
phalanges

56
Q

3 rows in tarsals

A

proximal
intermediate
distal

7 bones in total

57
Q

proximal tarsals

A

calcaneus
talus

58
Q

intermediate tarsals

A

navicular

59
Q

distal tarsals

A

cuboid
cuneiforms

60
Q
A
61
Q

talus

A

most superior of tarsal bones
transmits weight of body from tibia to calcaneus
wider anteriorly than posteriorly for support
no muscles originate form or insert here so there is an increased risk of avascular necrosis
numerous ligaments attach

62
Q

talus articulations

A

superiorly: ankle joint
inferiorly: subtler joint
anteriorly: talonavicular joint

63
Q

calcaneus

A

largest tarsal bone
protrudes posteriorly, takes wright of body as her hits the ground when walking
posterior aspect is marked by the calcaneal tuberosity
achilles tendon attaches

64
Q

calcaneus articulations

A

superiorly: talocalcaneal joint
anteriorly: calcaneocuboid joint

65
Q

navicular

A

boat shaped
medial position
plantar surface= tuberosity for attachment of part of tibialis posterior tendon

66
Q

navicular articulations

A

all 3 cuneiforms anteriorly
laterally: cuboid bone

67
Q

cuboid

A

furthest laterally
plantar surface marked by groove for tendon of fibularis longus

68
Q

cuboid location

A

anterior to calcaneus
behind the 4th and 5th metatarsal

69
Q

cuneiforms

A

lateral, intermediate and medial

70
Q

articulations of cuneiforms

A

posteriorly: navicular
anteriorly: metatarsals

71
Q

attachments of cuneiforms

A

medial: tibialis anterior and posterior, fibularis longus
lateral: flexor hallcuis brevis

72
Q

metatarsals

A

numbered 1-5 medial to lateral
cover dorsally, have head neck shaft and base
distal to proximal

73
Q

metatarsals articulations

A

proximal: tarsometatarsal joints
lateral: inter metatarsal joints
distally : metatarslphalangeal joints

74
Q

phalanges

A

bones of toes
contains base, shaft and head

75
Q

ligaments of the foot

A
76
Q

different arches of the foot

A

medial longitudinal
lateral longitudinal
transverse

77
Q

medial longitudinal foot arch

A
78
Q

lateral longitudinal foot arch

A
79
Q

transverse foot arch

A
80
Q

3 parts of tibia

A

proximal
distal
shaft

81
Q

proximal tibia

A

widened by medial and lateral condyles for weight bearing
form flat surface= tibial plateau, articulates with femoral condyles
intercondylar eminence= projects up at either side as medial and intercondylar tubercles, articulate with intercondylar fossa of the femur

82
Q

label the image of the proximal tibia

A
83
Q

shaft of the tibia

A

prism shaped
anterior border
palpable down the anterior surface
proximal aspect= tibial tuberosity, attaches patellar ligament

84
Q

posterior surface of the shaft of the tibia

A

marked by soleal line= soleus origin
extends inferomedially
blends with the medial border of the tibia

85
Q

lateral border of the shaft of the tibia

A

interosseous border
attaches to interosserous membrane, binds the tibia and fibula together

86
Q

distal tibia

A

widens to assist weight bearing
medial malleolus articulates with tarsals at ankle joint
posterior surface= groove where tendon of tibialis posterior passes
fibular notch= laterally where tibia is bound to fibular= distal tibiofibular notch

87
Q

3 main articulations of fibula

A

proximal tibiofibular joint: tibias lateral condyle
distal tibiofibular joint: tibias fibular notch
ankle joint: talus of foot

88
Q

proximal fibula

A

enlarged head for articulation on posterior and lateral surfaces= common fibular nerve

89
Q

shaft of fibula

A

3 components, anterior lateral and posterior

90
Q

distal fibula

A

lateral malleolus, more prominent than medial malleolus

91
Q

3 attachments of inferior extensor retinaculum

A

lateral calcaneus, medial malleolus and plantar aponeurosis

92
Q

how do you alleviate compartment syndrome

A

fasciotomoy
remove tight bandages
NSAID’s

93
Q

what is compartment syndrome

A

Compartment syndrome is an increase in pressure inside a muscle, which restricts blood flow and causes pain.

94
Q

deep fibular nerve runs between what q

A

tibialis anterior and extensor hallucis longus

95
Q

where does the small saphenous vein drain to

A

popliteal vein

96
Q

tibial nerve innervates what

A

superficial component of posterior leg

97
Q

keystone in medial longitudinal arch

A

talus

98
Q

what does the fibularis longus support

A

the longitudinal arch

Medicine: Anatomy (20 decks)

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