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Medicine: Anatomy > Anatomy: Distal Lower Limb > Flashcards

Anatomy: Distal Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

what is the popliteal fossa

A

diamond shaped depression on the posterior aspect of the knee

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2
Q

superomedial border of the popliteal fossa

A

semimembranosus

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3
Q

superolateral border of the popliteal fossa

A

biceps femoris
long head

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4
Q

inferomedial border of the popliteal fossa

A

gastrocnemius medial head

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5
Q

inferolateral border of the popliteal fossa

A

gastrocnemius lateral head

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6
Q

deep/floor border of the popliteal fossa

A

popliteal surface of the femur

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7
Q

roof border of the popliteal fossa

A

skin and popliteal fascia

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8
Q

most important structures of the popliteal fossa

A

popliteal artery
popliteal vein
tibial nerve
common fibular nerve

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9
Q

label the image

A
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10
Q

group action of muscles of the anterior leg

A

from knee to ankle
front of the leg
dorsiflexion

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11
Q

what are the muscles of the anterior leg

A

they’re all located on the lateral side of the ridge of the tibia
tibialis anterior
extensor hallucis longus
extensor digitorum longus
fibulas tertius

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12
Q

label the image

A
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13
Q

tibialis anterior function

A

dorsiflexion and inversion

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14
Q

extensor hallucis longus function

A

dorsiflexion
extension of big toe

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15
Q

extensor digitorum longue action

A

dorsiflexion
extension of other toes

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16
Q

fibulas tertius action

A

dorsiflexion and eversion

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17
Q

muscles of the lateral leg

A

fibularis longus
fibularis brevis
pass between lateral malleolus of the fibular and calcaneus

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18
Q

label the image

A
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19
Q

fibularis longus

A

overlies brevis
longer tendon
attaches to the 1st metatarsal

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20
Q

fibularis brevis

A

closer to fibular
tendon to the 5th metatarsal

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21
Q

action of muscles of the lateral leg

A

plantar flexion and eversion
assisted by the fibularis tertius in eversion

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22
Q

where are dominant plantar flexors located

A

in the posterior compartment

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23
Q

innervation of muscles of the lateral leg

A

superficial fibular

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24
Q

common fibular split

A

superficial fibula to the lateral component
deep fibular to the anterior compartment

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25
muscles of the posterior leg, groups
superficial component and deep component
26
innervation of muscles of the posterior leg
tibial nerve
27
common action of muscles of the posterior leg
plantar flexion
28
muscles of the superficial component of the posterior leg
gastrocnemius planters soleus
29
gastrocnemius
attaches to knee aswell so has function in knee flexion stabilises the knee in plantar flexion
30
planters
long thin tendon attaches to the calcaneus plantar flexion posterior to the knee
31
soleus
plantar flexion deep to gastrocnemius doesn't cross knee is the dominant plantar flexor
32
label the image of the superficial component of the posterior leg
33
common attachment of the muscles of superficial component of the posterior leg
calcaneal tendon
34
muscles of the deep compartment of the posterior leg
tibialis posterior flexor digitorum longus flexor hallucis longus tendons pass through the medial malleolus and calcaneus through the tarsal tunnel
35
components of the tarsal tunnel
tom dick and harry tibialis posterior flexor digitorum longus flexor hallucis longus
36
tibialis posterior
plantar flexion
37
flexor digitorum longus
flex 4 lateral digits, plantar flex
38
flexor hallucis longus
flex big toe, long tendon
39
label image of muscles of deep compartment of posterior leg
40
extensor retinaculum
connective tissue holding tendon into the foot allows more efficient contraction of the muscles higher up
41
muscles on the top surface of the foot
extensor hallucis brevis extensor digitorum brevis assits in muscles from anterior leg
42
label the image
43
how many layers of muscles are there in the foot
4
44
tissue in the plantar surface of the foot
plantar aponeurosis
45
label the image
46
muscles in the plantar surface of the foot
flexor digitorum brevis abductor hallucis abductor digiti minimi
47
abductor hallucis
hallux abduction
48
abductor digiti minimi
little toe abduction
49
bones in the distal lower limb
bones of foot tibia fibula
50
groups of bones in the foot
tarsals metatarsals phalanges
51
label the image
52
what are the 3 regions of the foot
hindfoot midfoot forefoot
53
hindfoot
talus and calcaneus
54
mid foot
navicular cuboid cuneiforms
55
forefoot
metatarsals phalanges
56
3 rows in tarsals
proximal intermediate distal 7 bones in total
57
proximal tarsals
calcaneus talus
58
intermediate tarsals
navicular
59
distal tarsals
cuboid cuneiforms
60
61
talus
most superior of tarsal bones transmits weight of body from tibia to calcaneus wider anteriorly than posteriorly for support no muscles originate form or insert here so there is an increased risk of avascular necrosis numerous ligaments attach
62
talus articulations
superiorly: ankle joint inferiorly: subtler joint anteriorly: talonavicular joint
63
calcaneus
largest tarsal bone protrudes posteriorly, takes wright of body as her hits the ground when walking posterior aspect is marked by the calcaneal tuberosity achilles tendon attaches
64
calcaneus articulations
superiorly: talocalcaneal joint anteriorly: calcaneocuboid joint
65
navicular
boat shaped medial position plantar surface= tuberosity for attachment of part of tibialis posterior tendon
66
navicular articulations
all 3 cuneiforms anteriorly laterally: cuboid bone
67
cuboid
furthest laterally plantar surface marked by groove for tendon of fibularis longus
68
cuboid location
anterior to calcaneus behind the 4th and 5th metatarsal
69
cuneiforms
lateral, intermediate and medial
70
articulations of cuneiforms
posteriorly: navicular anteriorly: metatarsals
71
attachments of cuneiforms
medial: tibialis anterior and posterior, fibularis longus lateral: flexor hallcuis brevis
72
metatarsals
numbered 1-5 medial to lateral cover dorsally, have head neck shaft and base distal to proximal
73
metatarsals articulations
proximal: tarsometatarsal joints lateral: inter metatarsal joints distally : metatarslphalangeal joints
74
phalanges
bones of toes contains base, shaft and head
75
ligaments of the foot
76
different arches of the foot
medial longitudinal lateral longitudinal transverse
77
medial longitudinal foot arch
78
lateral longitudinal foot arch
79
transverse foot arch
80
3 parts of tibia
proximal distal shaft
81
proximal tibia
widened by medial and lateral condyles for weight bearing form flat surface= tibial plateau, articulates with femoral condyles intercondylar eminence= projects up at either side as medial and intercondylar tubercles, articulate with intercondylar fossa of the femur
82
label the image of the proximal tibia
83
shaft of the tibia
prism shaped anterior border palpable down the anterior surface proximal aspect= tibial tuberosity, attaches patellar ligament
84
posterior surface of the shaft of the tibia
marked by soleal line= soleus origin extends inferomedially blends with the medial border of the tibia
85
lateral border of the shaft of the tibia
interosseous border attaches to interosserous membrane, binds the tibia and fibula together
86
distal tibia
widens to assist weight bearing medial malleolus articulates with tarsals at ankle joint posterior surface= groove where tendon of tibialis posterior passes fibular notch= laterally where tibia is bound to fibular= distal tibiofibular notch
87
3 main articulations of fibula
proximal tibiofibular joint: tibias lateral condyle distal tibiofibular joint: tibias fibular notch ankle joint: talus of foot
88
proximal fibula
enlarged head for articulation on posterior and lateral surfaces= common fibular nerve
89
shaft of fibula
3 components, anterior lateral and posterior
90
distal fibula
lateral malleolus, more prominent than medial malleolus
91
3 attachments of inferior extensor retinaculum
lateral calcaneus, medial malleolus and plantar aponeurosis
92
how do you alleviate compartment syndrome
fasciotomoy remove tight bandages NSAID's
93
what is compartment syndrome
Compartment syndrome is an increase in pressure inside a muscle, which restricts blood flow and causes pain.
94
deep fibular nerve runs between what q
tibialis anterior and extensor hallucis longus
95
where does the small saphenous vein drain to
popliteal vein
96
tibial nerve innervates what
superficial component of posterior leg
97
keystone in medial longitudinal arch
talus
98
what does the fibularis longus support
the longitudinal arch

Medicine: Anatomy (20 decks)

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