Aggression

Question 1

Aggression

Answer 1

Any form of behaviour directed towards the goal of harming/injuring someone

Question 2

Aggression in sport

Answer 2

• Intention to harm outside laws/rules of game
• Should be discouraged
• E.g. Rugby player punching someone in scrum

Question 3

What happens to aggressive players

Answer 3

• Card –> get sent off - limiting teams ability
• Could get banned/fined

Question 4

Assertion

Answer 4

• Aggressive behaviour controlled and within law of game
• Encouraged in contact sports to gain advantage
• E.g. GK sliding taking ball before taking out player

Question 5

Instinct theory of aggression

Answer 5

• Views aggression as a natural response
• Aggression instinctive
• Trait and biological drive
• Expects all humans (from all cultures) to display similar aggressive tendencies

Question 6

Instinct theory of aggression (Freud)

Answer 6

• Aggressive impulses build up inside
• If not released through aggressive acts will become dangerous to well-being

Question 7

Instinct theory of aggression (Lorenz)

Answer 7

• Natural build-up of aggression needs release
• Either through antisocial act OR more acceptable behaviour (e.g. sports)

Question 8

Social Learning Theory

Answer 8

• Learnt response rather than instinctive
• Observation and and copying others (vicarious processes)
• Or by reinforcement (direct / vicarious)

Question 9

Frustration - Aggression Hypothesis

Answer 9

Frustration will always lead to aggression

This is because any blocking of goals that an individual is trying to reach increases that individual’s drive, which in turn increases aggression

Question 10

Frustration - Aggression Hypothesis (CATHARSIS)

Answer 10

Aggression, once initiated, will reduce frustration, leading to catharsis

Question 11

Frustration - Aggression Hypothesis Factors

Answer 11

• Drive to goal
• Obstacle to Goal
• Frustration
• Aggression –> this will then lead to either…
  1. success and catharsis
  2. Punishment and back to frustration

Question 12

Aggressive Cue Hypothesis

Answer 12

• When an individual is frustrated there is an increase in arousal level
• This creates a predisposition/readiness for aggression
• If aggression is going to occur then certain stimuli must be present that act as cues for athlete (associate cue with being aggressive)