Acides-Bases Flashcards

1
Q

Définition des acides ?

A

Espèces qui peuvent céder H+ ou capter OH-

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2
Q

Définition des bases ?

A

Espèces qui peuvent capter H+ ou céder OH-

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3
Q

pH = pKa ?

A
  • 50% forme acide
  • 50% forme basique
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4
Q

pH < pKa ?

A

Forme acide majoritaire

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5
Q

pH > pKa ?

A

Forme basique majoritaire

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6
Q

Kw ?

A

=> Produit ionique de l’eau
[H3O+]*[HO-]

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7
Q

Caractéristique du pH ?

A
  • Indique le niveau d’acidité de la solution aqueuse
    Compris entre 0 et 14
  • pH = -log[H3O+]
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8
Q

Calcule d’un pH acide ?

A

=> pH < 7
* Monoacide Fort de concentration C > 10^-5 :
pH = -log C
* Diacide Fort de concentration C > 10^-5 :
pH = -log 2C
* Monoacide faible de concentration C si pH < pKa-1 et [H3O+] >10[HO-] :
pH = 1/2pKa - 1/2logC

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9
Q

Calcul d’un pH basique ?

A

=> pH < 7
* Monobase Forte de concentration C > 10^-5 :
pH = 14 + log C
* Monobase faible de concentration C si pH > pKa+1 et [OH-] >10[H3O+] :
pH = 7+ 1/2pKa - 1/2logC

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10
Q

Calcul pH d’une solution amphotère ?

A
  • pH acide ou basique
    pH = 1/2pKa1 + 1/2pKa2
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11
Q

Calcule d’un pH d’une solution tampon ?

A
  • pH = pKa + log[A-]/[AH]
  • Après addition de n(acide) :
    pH = pKa + log (nA- - nH3O+)/(nAH + nH3O+)
  • Après addition de n(base) :
    pH = pKa + log (nA- + nOH-)/(nAH - nOH+)
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