A8. Cultural Variations In Attachment (Van Izjendoorn)

Question 1

Van Izjendoorn and Kronenberg

Answer 1

• Meta-Analysis of 32 studies in 8 countries
• investigating attachment patterns of a variety of cultures

Question 2

Individualistic / Collectivist

Answer 2

• Individualistic: encourages independence and non-reliance on others
• Collectivist: encourages unity, multiple individuals involved in child development

Question 3

Other Research

Answer 3

• Simonella et al. : only 50% of Italian children securely attached (suggested it was due to mothers working increasingly longer hours).
• Jin et al. : 87 Korean infants assessed - of those classes insecure, more were resistant than avoidant. Results were similar in Japan, which suggests similar child-rearing practices yield similar results

Question 4

• Eval: Cultural Bias

Answer 4

• many cultures can exist within the same country = potential misrepresentation
• Rural areas = overrepresentation of insecure-resistant individuals
• urban areas = reflected western world attachment patterns
• subsequently means that v. I . and K. were instead studying the attachment patterns in COUNTRIES and not CULTURES

Question 5

+ Eval: Sample Size

Answer 5

• 1990 children were used = significantly large sample size
• replicability increases validity, as it reduces chance that conclusions were a ‘one-off’