A&P: SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT: THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

Question 1

Musculoskeletal system

Answer 1

-composed of bones, connective tissue, and muscle
-the system’s functions are the support and protection of the internal organs, and movement
-blood cells are made in the red marrow of the long bones
-bone contains osteocytes, which produce a hard, calcium rich extracellular matrix
-blood vessels extend through bone, providing nutrients and oxygen and taking away wastes

Question 2

Osteocytes

Answer 2

Produce a hard, calcium-rich extracellular matrix

Question 3

[more than 200 bones make up the human skeleton]
Axial skeleton

Answer 3

Consists of the skull, vertebrae, ribs, and sternum

Question 4

[more than 200 bones make up the human skeleton]
Appendicular skeleton

Answer 4

Made up of the bones of the shoulders, arms, pelvis, and legs

Question 5

Joints

Answer 5

-connect the bones of the skeleton
-sutures are immovable joints that join the bones of the skull, permitting growth but no movement
-other types of joints are movable, allowing muscles to move bones at a point of articulation (where the bones meet)
-the shoulders and hips have ball-and-socket joints, the elbows and knees have hinge joints, and wrists have sliding or gliding joints

Question 6

[diseases affecting he skeletal system]
Osteoarthritis

Answer 6

Degenerative bone and joint disease

Question 7

[diseases affecting he skeletal system]
Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 7

Degenerative joint disease caused by an autoimmune response

Question 8

[diseases affecting he skeletal system]
Osteoporosis

Answer 8

Disease caused by a calcium loss often found in older people, especially post menopausal women

Question 9

[connective tissue]
Ligaments

Answer 9

Ligaments connect bones to bones
LBB

Question 10

[connective tissue]
Tendons

Answer 10

Tendons connect muscles to bones
TMB

Question 11

[connective tissue]
Cartilage

Answer 11

Cushions bones at the joints

Question 12

Muscles [human body has three types of muscle: cardiac, smooth muscle, and skeletal muscle]

Answer 12

Muscle cells are among the most active in the body, using an enormous amount of energy in the form of ATP

Question 13

[MUSCLES: human body has three types of muscle: cardiac, smooth muscle, and skeletal muscle]
Cardiac muscles

Answer 13

Muscle is found only in the heart and is involuntary

Question 14

[MUSCLES: human body has three types of muscle: cardiac, smooth muscle, and skeletal muscle]
Skeletal muscle

Answer 14

-Muscle is also called striated muscle due to the microscopic appearance of the individual muscle cells, or fibers
-skeletal muscles move bones and are responsible for voluntary movements
-skeletal muscles, attached to bones by tendons, move the bones when they contract and thereby shorten
-many skeleton muscles are found in opposing pairs—in such a pair, one muscle, the flexor, bends or moves a limb away from anatomical position
-the other muscle, the extensor, returns the limb to the anatomical position
-ex. the biceps muscle (a flexor) and the triceps muscle (an extensor) of the upper arm
-Musculoskeletal system can be thought of as a system of levers (bones), moving around fulcrums (joints), with the forces provided by the muscles

Question 15

[MUSCLES: human body has three types of muscle: cardiac, smooth muscle, and skeletal muscle]
Skeletal muscle: FLEXOR

Answer 15

Bends or moves the limb away from the anatomical position

Question 16

[MUSCLES: human body has three types of muscle: cardiac, smooth muscle, and skeletal muscle]
Skeletal muscle: EXTENSOR

Answer 16

Returns the limb to the anatomical position

Question 17

[MUSCLES: human body has three types of muscle: cardiac, smooth muscle, and skeletal muscle]
Smooth muscle

Answer 17

-involuntary
-found in the internal organs of the digestive tract and in blood vessels

Question 18

Bone diagrams

Answer 18