A&P: REGULATON: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Question 1

Endocrine system

Answer 1

-Important function of the endocrine system is to maintain homeostasis, which is the body‘s way of keeping its internal environment stable by means of secretions from the endocrine glands

Question 2

Endocrine glands

Answer 2

-Glands are also called ductless glands because they secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream
-endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into bloodstream

Question 3

Hormones

Answer 3

-chemicals that act as messengers and that help control the important processes of growth, metabolism, reproduction, osmotic balance, and development
-most hormones work by bonding to a specific type of cell by means of a receptor and influencing the activity of the cell
-hormones are usually activated by some type of stimulus
-ex. hormone insulin: when we ingest a meal, food is broken down by our digestive system, and glucose is released from starches into our bloodstream
-the presence of glucose triggers the release of insulin from the pancreas, and insulin binds to cells in the body, causing them to uptake the glucose in the bloodstream, thus cells are able to use glucose for energy
-when glucose levels in BS decline, stimulus for release of insulin declines as well
-this sort of hormone release regulation is called negative-feedback mechanism and prevents oversecretion of hormones

Question 4

Negative-feedback mechanism

Answer 4

Prevents over secretion of hormones

Question 5

[glands, location, hormones and function]
Pituitary gland

Answer 5

Location: under the brain
Hormone: growth-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), thyroid-stimulating hormone Function: master gland, controls other endocrine glands

Question 6

[glands, location, hormones and function]
Thyroid gland

Answer 6

Location: on the trachea, in the neck region
Hormone: thyroxin (iodine containing compound)
Function: regulates metabolism

Question 7

[glands, location, hormones and function]
Parathyroid gland

Answer 7

Location: behind the thyroid gland
Hormone: parathormone
Function: regulates calcium metabolism

Question 8

[glands, location, hormones and function]
Adrenal gland

Answer 8

Location:on the kidneys
Hormone: adrenaline, steroids (cortisone)
Function: so-called fight-or-flight hormone; regulate water balance, blood pressure, joint articulation

Question 9

[glands, location, hormones and function]
Isles of Langerhans

Answer 9

Location: pancreas
Hormones: insulin, glucagon
Function: control storage of sugar in liver and blood level of sugar

Question 10

[glands, location, hormones and function]
Testes (male gonad)

Answer 10

Location: in scrotum
Hormone: testosterone
Function: male secondary sex characteristics

Question 11

[glands, location, hormones and function]
Ovaries (female gonad)

Answer 11

Location: pelvic region
Hormones: estrogen and progesterone
Function: female secondary sex characteristics, menstrual cycle

Question 12

Endocrine glands and their hormones