A&P: CIRCULATION: CARDIOVASCULAR AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEMS

Question 1

Circulation

Answer 1

Internal transport of fluid throughout the body, which allows for the exchange of gases, the absorption of nutrients, and the disposal of waste

Question 2

Circulatory system

Answer 2

Made up of the cardiovascular system and lymphatic system, which function together

Question 3

[circulatory system]
Cardiovascular system

Answer 3

Made up of the heart, blood vessels, and blood
-the heart consists of four chambers: two atria (singular: atrium) which receive blood, and two ventricles, which pump blood to the body

Question 4

[circulatory system]
Cardiovascular system
The pathway of blood through the heart and lungs, beginning at the vena cava

Answer 4

-blood enter RA from the upper and lower body through veins called the SVC and IVC
-from there it passes thru atrioventricular valve into the RV (valves prevent back flow when ventricles contract)
-RV pumps blood thru semilunar valve into the pulmonary arteries, which carry blood to the lungs. This blood is deoxygenated and becomes oxygenated in the lungs, where gas exchange occurs
-newly oxygenated blood leaves the lungs via the pulmonary veins, which returns blood to the LA
-from there it passes thru another atrioventricular valve to the LV
-muscular contractions of the LV pump blood thru the aorta to all parts of the body

Question 5

[circulatory system]
Cardiovascular system
The pathway of blood flow

Answer 5

RIGHT SIDE:
1. SVC/IVC
2. RA
3. TRICUSPID VALVE
4. RV
5. Pulmonic valve
6. Pulmonary artery
LEFT SIDE:
7. Pulmonary vein
8. LA
9. Bicuspid aka mitral valve
10. LV
11. Aortic valve
12. Aorta

Question 6

Label the heart

Answer 6

Question 7

Systole

Answer 7

Heart contracts, pressure increases

Question 8

Diastole

Answer 8

Heart relaxes, pressure decreases

Question 9

Coronary circulation

Answer 9

Circulation of blood to the heart

Question 10

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 10

Circulation of blood through the lungs

Question 11

Systemic circulation

Answer 11

Circulation of blood throughout the body

Question 12

Blood

Answer 12

-considered a type of connective tissue
-made up of a variety of cells suspended in a liquid called plasma
-RBC, WBC, and platelets make up 45% of whole blood, whereas plasma (which cont. proteins, ions, hormones, and gases, makes up the other 55%

Question 13

RBC or erythrocytes

Answer 13

-Responsible for transporting oxygen, and they do not have nuclei or mitochondria
-to suit their main function for transporting oxygen, RBC are small and thin (to allow for diffusion)
-each cell cont. approximately 250 million molecules of hemoglobin, which is an oxygen carrier

Question 14

Hemoglobin

Answer 14

-oxygen carrier
-iron-rich compound

Question 15

WBC or Leukocytes

Answer 15

-less abundant than RBC
-involved in host immune defense
-infection is detected when WBC count exceeds normal concentration

Question 16

Platelets

Answer 16

-found in plasma
-pieces of cells that are important in blood clotting

Question 17

Lymphatic system

Answer 17

-as blood passes through the vessels of the circulatory system, fluid and proteins can leak out
-lost fluid diffuses into lymph capillaries, which are found throughout cardiovascular system and thus enters the lymphatic system
-inside the lymphatic system, the fluid, or lymph, returns to the circulatory system
-lymph nodes are special pockets in the lymphatic system where lymph is filtered
-WBCs are present in these and attack bacteria and viruses that may be present in the fluid
-this is why tender and swollen lymph nodes are a sign of infection

Question 18

Three types of Blood Vessels:
Arteries, veins, and capillaries

Answer 18

-arteries transport blood away from the heart ARTERY AWAY MUSCULAR
-arteries are muscular bc they carry blood at a relatively high pressure
-we feel a PULSE in arteries
-veins transport blood to the heart and contain valves to prevent the back flow of blood as it returns to the heart VEIN TOWARDS
-capillaries are tiny blood vessels that connect arteries and veins
-through the capillary walls (only one cell thick), materials enter and leave the blood

Question 19

Blood composition

Answer 19

-withdraw blood—>centrifuge—> plasma 55% of whole blood, WBC and platelets <1% of whole blood, RBC 45% of whole blood
-hematrocit (WBC and platelets and RBC)

Question 20

Lymphatic system diagram