A&P: REPRODUCTION

Question 1

Sexual reproduction

Answer 1

-starts with the fusion of two gametes (sperm and egg) [haploid/monoploid] to form a zygote (the united sperm and egg) [diploid]
-Each gamete is monoploid (or haploid), meaning that it contains half the normal complement of chromosomes
-thus, since the zygote is created from the union of a sperm and egg, it contains the full complement of chromosomes and is thus called diploid

Question 2

Monoploid (or haploid)

Answer 2

Contains half the normal complement of chromosomes

Question 3

Diploid

Answer 3

Contains the full complement of chromosomes

Question 4

Male sexual reproduction organs
External reproductive organs
1/2

Answer 4

The penis and scrotum

Question 5

Male sexual reproduction organs
Internal reproductive organs
2/2

Answer 5

-testes are the primary male reproductive organ
-the testes contain seminiferous tubules, where sperm form, and interstitial cells, which produce male sex hormones such as testosterone
-when sperm is produced in the seminiferous tubule, it then travels into the epididymis, which is made up of coiled tubes that store sperm while they mature
-the sperm are sent through the epididymis during ejaculation into the vas deferens to the ejaculatory duct to the urethra
-the urethra, which runs the length of the penis and opens to the external environment, is common to both the reproductive and urinary system

Question 6

Male sexual reproduction diagram

Answer 6

Question 7

Female sexual reproduction
1/2

Answer 7

-primary reproductive organs are the ovaries, which produce eggs and the hormones progesterone and estrogen
-inside the ovaries are ovarian follicles, each of which contain an immature egg called an oocyte
-as the egg develops, the follicle also matures and enlarges
-when fully mature, the follicle releases the egg in the stage called ovulation, which occurs approximately every 28 days
-the egg travels to the fallopian tubes, where it can be fertilized
-if fertilized, the egg travels to the uterus, where it becomes implanted in the uterine lining, the endometrium, and remains there for the rest of its development

Question 8

Female sexual reproduction
2/2

Answer 8

-if the egg is not fertilized (woman is not pregnant), the endometrial lining is shed, and it thickens again in preparation for the possibility of implantation in the next cycle
-the shedding is a process known as menstruation
-if fertilization occurs, the developing embryo implants itself in the uterus, where it develops during its gestation period of nine months
-tissues of the embryo and the mother grow together to form the placenta
-the blood of the embryo and mother are never directly connected, but nutrients and oxygen from the mother and wastes from the embryo are exchanged through the placenta
-the fetus is connected to the placenta by the umbilical cord

Question 9

Female sexual reproduction diagram

Answer 9