A&P - Muscle of the day list - A&P 2 Flashcards
Extensior carpi radialis longus
A, I, O
Origin - distal 1/3 lateral supracondylar ridge (humerus) and lateral epicondyle via common extensor tendon
I - base 2nd metacarpal
A - extension and radial deviation of wrist
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
A, I, O
O - Lateral epicondyle via common extensor tendon
I - base of 3rd metacarpal
A - extension and radial deviation of wrist
Extensor carpi ulnaris
A, I, O
I- base of 5th metacarpal and hamate
O. - lateral epicondyle of humerus via the common extensor tendon and proximal posterior boarder ulna
A. - wrist extension and ulnar deviation or adduction of the wrist (combined action)
Named for location and action
Flexor carpi radialis
A, O, I
Named for action and location
A: flexion of wrist and Abduction of wrist (towards radius)
I: base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal
O: medial epicondyle of humerus via the flexor tendon
Palaris longus
A, I, O
O - medial epicondyle via the flexor tendon
I - palmar aponeurosis
A - flexion of wrist
- not present in everyone
- *only tendon not under flexor retinaculum
Flexor carpi ulnaris
A, I, O
I- base of 5th metacarpal, hamate, and pisiform
O- medial epicondyle of humerus via the flexor tendon (humeral head); olecranon process ulna (ulnar head)
A - wrist flexion and ulnar deviation or adduction of the wrist (combined action)
Named for location and action
Triceps brachii
A, I, O
A - extends the elbow
O - long head - infraglenoid tubercle;
lateral head - posterior proximal 1/2 humerus lateral to radial/spiral groove;
medial head - posterior distal 1/2 humerus medial to radial/spiral groove
I - olecranon process of ulna for all three heads
Named for three heads, arm
Anconeus
A, I, O
A- extend the elbow
O- posterior aspect of the lateral condyle of the humerus
I - olecranon process and posterior, proximal surface of the ulna
Rotator cuff
4 muscles
Superaspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis
Superaspinatus runs deep to the trapezius
S,I,T,S
Superaspinatus
A, I, O
A- abduct the shoulder; stabilize the head of the humerus in glenoid cavity
O- superaspinous fossa of the scapula
I - greater tubercle of the humerus
Infraspinatus
A, I, O
A- laterally rotate the shoulder, adduct the shoulder, extension of the humerus
O - infraspinous fossa of the scapula
I - greater tubercle of the humerus
Teres minor
A, I, O
A - laterally rotate the shoulder, stabilize the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity
O - upper 2/3 of lateral/axillary border
I - greater tuberercle of the humerus
Subscapularis
A, I, O
A - medially rotate the shoulder, stabilize the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity
O - subscapular fossa of the scapula (costal surface of the scapula)
I - lesser tubercle of the humerus
Pectoralis minor
A, I, O
A - depress the scapula, anterior tilt of scapula, abduction (protraction) of the scapula, downward rotation of the scapula
O - ribs 3-5 (anterior surface, near costal cartilage)
I - coracoid process of the scapula
Named for location and size
Subclavius
A, I, O
A- draws clavicle inferior and anterior, elevate the first rib, stabilize the sternoclavicular joint
O - first rib and cartilage
I - inferior to the surface of the lateral clavicle or arcominal end
Named for location
Brachioradialis
A, I, O
O - lateral supra condylar ridge of the humerus
I - styloid process of the radius
A - flexion of elbow, returns forearm to neutral from supination or pronation
Levator scapula
A, I, O
A- elevate the scapula
O- TRanverse process of C1-4
I - superior angle of the scapula
Splenius cervicis
A, I, O
O - SP of T3-T6
I - TP OF C1-C3
A - unilaterally ipsilateral flexion and ipsilateral rotation;
Bilaterally - extend/hyperextended the neck HYPEREXTENSION
Splenius - bandage ,
Brachialis
A, I, O
O - distal 1/2 of anterior shaft of humerus
I- tuberosity and coronoid process of the ulna
A - flexion of the elbow
*the only elbow flexor that attaches to the ulna, makes it effective no matter what position the forearm is in.
Coracobrachialis
A, I, O
A - adduction and flexion of the humerus
O - coracoid process of scapula
I - medial surface of the mid-humeral shaft
Named for attachments
Splenius capitis
A, I, O
A- bilateral: extension of head and neck
Unilateral : ipsilateral rotation and lateral flexion
O - lower portion of the nuchal ligament and spinous process of C7-T3
I - mastoid process of the superior nuchal line (lateral) of occipital bone
Second layer of posterior cervical muscles
Teres major
A, I, O
A: extend the shoulder, adduct the shoulder, medially rotate shoulder
O: lateral side inferior angle of the scapula, lower half of axillary border of scapula
I: medial lip of bicipital groove. Or crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus
ANTERIOR
Erector spinea
Erector - straight; spinea - spirals
A collective name for the group of three muscles that extend and maintain balance of the spine and rib cage. They are used in strong contraction in coughing and straining. Can be referred to as “sacrospinalis”, or “paraspinal” or “paravertebral”
Erector spinea is divided into three groups
Medial to lateral (s,l,i)
Spinalis = closest to the spine
Longissmus= long (goes the farthest)
Iliocostalis = ilium/ ribs
Erector spinea
4 areas
Areas
Lumborum- lumbar region
Thoracis - thorax/thoracic
Cervicis = neck/ cervical
Capitis = head
Erector spinea group
Actions same for all muscles
Unilaterally - laterally flex vertebral column to the same side
Bilaterally - extend the vertebral column
Spinalis
I, O
Closest to the spine; spinous process to spinous process
O - spinous processes of the upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae (THORACIS); ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of C-7 (CERVICIS)
I- spinous process of upper thoracic (THORACIS); spinous process of cervical s, except C-1 (CERVICIS)
Longissimus
I, O
Is the longest and goes to cranium (sacrum to mastoid process)
Intermediate to the spinalis and the iliocostalis
Transverse to transverse with some rib attachment
O - TP lumbar to the common tendon (THORACIS); TP of upper thoracic vertebrae (CERVICIS AND CAPITIS)
I - lower nine ribs and TP OF 4-12 thoracic vertebrae (THORACIS); TP of cervical vertebrae (CERVICIS); mastoid process of the temporal bone (CAPITIS)
Iliocostalis
O, I
O: sacrum and ilium via common tendon (lumborum), inferior borders of ribs 1-12 (thoracic and cervicis
I: inferior border of ribs 1-6 (thoracis), TP of lower cervicals (cervicis)
LUMBORIUM REGION INSERT INFERIOR BORDER 6-12????
Quadratus lumborum
A, I, O
Unilateral: ipsilateral flexion, lateral pelvic tilt (to same side)
Bilateral: extension of the spine, fix the ribs during inhalation
O- proximal attachment: 12th rib (internal margin), TP of L1-L4
I- distal attachment: iliac crest (internal lip)
Deep six lateral/external rotators of the hip in order they attach to femur superior to inferior and lateral to medial as they attach to the trochanter
Piriformis Gamellus superior Obturator internus Gemellus inferior Obturator externus Quadratus femorus
PGOGOQ
Piriformis
A, I, O
A- lateral rotation of the femur and extension of the hip; abduction, horizontal abduction, and medial rotation of the FLEXED HIP
I - distal attachment - upper border of the greater trochanter (superior aspect)
O - proximal attachment - anterior surface of the sacrum
Pear shaped
Gamellus superior
A, I, O
A - lateral rotation of the femur/hip (extension)
I - distal attachment - medial surface of the greater trochanter
O - proximal attachment -ischial spine (dorsal surface)
OBTURATOR internus
A, I, O
A -lateral rotation and extension of the femur
O - proximal attachment - internal surface of OBTURATOR membrane and rim of the pubis and ischium
I - distal attachment - medial aspect of the greater trochanter
Gemellus inferior
A, I, O
A - lateral rotation of the femur/hip (extension)
I - distal attachment - medial surface of greater trochanter
O - proximal attachment - ischial tuberosity
OBTURATOR externus
A, O, I
A -lateral rotation and extension of the femur
O - proximal attachment - external surface of the OBTURATOR membrane and the rim of the pubis and ischium
I - distal attachment - medial aspect of the greater trochanter
Quadratus femoris
A, I, O
A -lateral rotation and extension of the femur
O - proximal attachment - upper part of the ischial tuberosity
I - distal attachment - just inferior to the greater trochanter (linea quadrata)
Iliopsoas
Two muscles
Iliacus And psoas major
Strongest hip flexor
Iliacus
A, I, O
A - origin fixed: flex the hip
Insertion fixed: flex the trunk toward the thigh
I - lesser trochanter
O - iliac fossa
Named for location: ilium, loin
Psoas major
A, I, O
A - origin fixed: flex the hip
Insertion fixed: flex trunk toward the thigh
Unilaterally- assist to laterally flex the lumbar spine
O - bodies of the transverse process of lumbar vertebrae
I - lesser trochanter
Tensor fascia latea
A, I, O
O - superior attachment - ASIS and adjacent lateral and posterior surface of the ilium
I - the IT band and the lateral condyle of the tibia
A - flex the hip, medially rotate the hip, abduct the hip and help stabilize the knee
Named for action: tenses the broad bandage
Sartorius
A, I, O
Proximal attachment : ASIS
Distal attachment: proximal, medial tibial shaft
Part of pes anserinus (goose foot)
Action: assists flexion of hip, assists flexion of knee, medial rotation of the tibia (knee flexed)
Tibialis anterior
A, I, O
Proximal attachment - proximal 2/3 of the lateral tibia and the interosseous membrane
Distal attachment - medial cuneiform and base of the 1st metatarsal
Action - dorsiflexion at ankle, inversion (rotates plantar surface toward midline)
Gastrocnemius
A, I, O
A - flex the knee, plantar flex the ankle
O - condyles of the femur, posterior surface
I - calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
DEEP TO HAMSTRINGS ONLY AT ORIGION
PLANTER - PLANT
Soleus
A, O, I
A - plantar flex the ankle
O - soleal line, proximal, posterior surface of the tibia, and posterior aspect of head of fibula
I - calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
