A&P 2.8. spinal versus cranial nerves Flashcards

0
Q

Stimulus

A

Pain from myofascia

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1
Q

Pathophysiological reflex

A

PAIN SPASM PAIN CYCLE

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2
Q

Sensory receptor

A

Nocicepter

Free nerve ending sensitive to damage or potential damage

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3
Q

Sensory neuron

A

Conducts a nerve impulse from nocicepters to the CNS

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4
Q

Integrating center

A

Sensory neurons synapse with an INTERNEURON that synapses with a ….

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5
Q

Motor neuron

A

To the MUSCLE WITH THE RECEPTOR, while the antagonist is inhibited

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6
Q

Effector

A

Muscle in pain

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7
Q

Response

A

Muscle in pain contracts

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8
Q

Renewed stimulus

A

Repeated firing of the motor neuron and repeated contraction of the muscle use a lot of energy - more than normal- creating an energy crisis.

The muscle and the motor neuron secrete chemicals in response to the energy crisis that stimulate nocicepters

Go back to step 2 and REPEAT IN A VISCOUS CYCLE

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9
Q

Facilitation

A

Any neuronal pathway that is used repeatedly develops a lower threshold, and will fire more easily in the future

“Wearing a groove”

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10
Q

Spreading

A

Large amounts of nociceptive input to the spinal cord cause additional interneurons to fire, spreading the chronic contractions to other muscles

First in motor neurons in the same segment, then on the other side, then up and down the cord and eventually stimulating the reticular formation, increasing global muscle tone and spreading myofascial pain throughout larger body regions.

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11
Q

Spinal nerves

A

31 pairs of spinal nerves that are numbered not named according to t he level of the vertebral column at which they emerge from the spinal cavity.

Spinal nerves ARE ALWAYS MIXED (they have both sensory and motor axions)

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12
Q

Cervical nerve pairs

A

8 pairs
C1-C7 emerge superior to their respective vertebrae

C8 emerges between T1-C7 vertebrae

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13
Q

Thoracic nerve pairs

A

12 pairs

All emerge inferior to their respective vertebrae

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14
Q

Lumbar nerve pairs

A

5 pairs

L1-5. All emerge inferior to their respective vertebrae

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15
Q

Sacral nerve pairs

A

5 Pairs

S1-5 all emerge from foramina in the sacrum

A branch of each sacral nerve travels anterior lay into th e pelvis, while another branch travels posteriorly to the myofascia and skin over the sacrum

16
Q

Coccygeal nerve pair

A

1 pair

Emerges between the sacrum and the coccyx

17
Q

Cranial nerves

A

12 pairs identified by both ROMAN NUMERALS AND NAMES.

The numbers indicate the order in which they connect to the brain from anterior to posterior while the names suggest. Either their distribution or function. Like all peripheral nerves, cranial nerves are made up of bundles of axions, unlike other they connect to the under surface of the brain. Unlike spinal nerves, cranial nerves are either mixed, sensory or mostly motor. Mostly motor also contain proprioceptive fibers that carry information regarding muscle tension in the muscle controlled by the motor fibers of the same motor nerve.

18
Q

Cranial nerves

I

A

I

Name: Olfactory

Class : sensory

Function: smell

19
Q

Cranial nerves

II

A

II

Name: optic

Class: sensory

Function: vision

20
Q

Cranial nerves

III

A

III

name: oculomotor

Class: mostly motor

Function: eye movement

21
Q

Cranial nerves

IV

A

IV

Name : troclear

Class: mostly motor

Function: eye movement

22
Q

Cranial nerves

VI

A

VI

Name: abducens

Class: mostly motor

Function: eye movement (abducts the eye)

23
Q

Conus medullaris

A

CONE MIDDLE

The inferior end of the spinal cord (cone shaped) usually ends at L1, but can vary between T12 & L3

24
Q

Film terminale

A

THREAD END

A connective tissue filament/cord arising from the end of the conus medullaris that attaches to the coccyx (a continuation of the dura)

25
Q

Cauda equine

A

TAIL HORSE

The spinal column ends in the lumbar area and continues through the vertebral canal as spinal nerves.

These nerves send and receive messages to and from the lower limbs and pelvic organs.

Collection of nerves at the end of the spinal cord resembles a horse’s tail and is called cauda equina.

26
Q

Cranial nerves

Acromions

Names and functions

A

Oh once one takes the anatomy final very good vacations are heavenly - names

Some say marry money but my brother says bad business marry money - functions

27
Q

Cranial nerve functions

3

A

Mostly motor
Sensory
Both

28
Q

Coracobrachialis

A, I, O

A

A - adduction and flexion of the humerus

O - coracoid process of scapula

I - medial surface of the mid-humeral shaft

Named for attachments

29
Q

Splenius capitis

A, I, O

A

A- bilateral: extension of head and neck
Unilateral : ipsilateral rotation and lateral flexion

O - lower portion of the nuchal ligament and spinous process of C7-T3

I - mastoid process of the superior nuchal line (lateral) of occipital bone

Second layer of posterior cervical muscles