0-1 chapter 17 - hormones Flashcards
melatonin
Pineal
Target tissue - hypothalamus (brain to brain - diencephalon to hypothalamus)
Effect: regulates body clock, promotes sleepiness, may involve reproduction, circadian rhythm
(More produced at night)
BRAIN/HYPOTHALMUS. - SLEEP CYCLE
TRH
Thyroid Releasing Hormone
Hypothalamus
Target anterior pituitary
Effect: TSH secretion
CRH
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone
Hypothalamus
Target anterior pituitary
Effect ACTH SECRETION
GnRH
Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone
Hypothalamus
Target anterior pituitary
Effect FSH, LH Secretion
GHRH/GHIH
Growth Hormone Releasing/Inhibiting Hormone
Hypothalamus
Somatostatin inhibits secretion of hGH
Target anterior pituitary
Effect: Release or inhibit secretion of hGH
PRH/PIH
Prolactin Releasing/Inhibiting Hormone
Hypothalamus
Target anterior pituitary
Effect: promotes or suppresses release of prolactin
TSH
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
Anterior Pituitary
Target - thyroid
Effect - stimulates synthesis and release of T3/T4
ACTH
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Anterior Pituitary
Target - adrenal cortex
Effect: controls production and release of cortisol
FSH, LH
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Luteinizing Hormone
Anterior Pituitary
Target : gonads
Effect : release estrogen, proestergine, testosterone
hGH
Human Growth Hormone
Anterior Pituitary
Target - body
Effect - maintain mass, repair
PRL
Prolcatin
Anterior Pituitary
Target- mammary glands
Effect - initiate and maintain milk production
ADH
Antidiuretic Hormone
Posterior Pituitary
Target - kidneys
Effect - decrease urine
Oxytocin
Posterior Pituitary
Target - uterus, breast
Effect - muscle contraction
T3, T4
Thyroid
(T3) triiodothyronine - thyroid gland, follicular cells (source), general (target) - INCREASES METABOLISM
(T4) tetraiodothyronine - thyroid gland, follicular cells (source), general target - INCREASES METABOLISM (usually converted to T3 first)
Target - general
Effect - increase metabolism
Calcitonin
Thyroid(parafollicular cells) , bone tissue (target), increases calcium storage in the bone, LOWERING Ca++ LEVELS
Target bone tissue
Effect - increase calcium storage in bone
PTH
Parathyroid Hormone
Parathyroid bone tissue/kidneys (target), increases calcium removal from storage in bone and produces the the active form of vitamin D (calcitrol) in the kidneys, increasing absorption of calcium via intestines and INCREASING BLOOD Ca++ LEVELS increases osteoclasts Target- bone/kidneys Effect- increase blood calcium
Thymosin
Thymus
(educates T cells)
Target tissue- immune system
Effect- promotes formation & maturation of T cells
Large in children, begins to atrophy throughout life
Target - immune system
Effect - T cell formation/maturation
Epinepherine &
Norepinephrine
Adrenals - medula
Target: sympathetic effectors
Effect: enhance and prolong sympathetic effect
Aldosterone
Adrenals - cortex
Target : kidneys
Effect: water conservation
Cortisol
Adrenals - cortex
Target - all tissues
Effect : metabolism/ anti-inflammatory
Adrenal Androgens/Estrogens
Adrenals - cortex
Target: sex organs
Effect : sexual function
Insulin
Pancreas
From beta cells
Target tissues: various cells/tissues throughout the body, general
Effect - lowers blood sugar - tells cells to absorb/uptake glucose from blood to cells
If used it’s energy, if not it turns to fat
INTO THE CELLS
Target : general
Effect - decrease blood sugar
Glucagon
Pancreas
From alpha cells
Target tissues- glycogen stored in liver/glucagon from pancreas
Effect- increases blood sugar (breaks down glycogen into glucose)
Target - liver
Effect - increase blood sugar
Estrogens/Progesterone
Ovaries
Target : general
Effect - monthly cycle, body shape
Testerone
Testes
Target - general
Effect - sperm production, male characteristics
Releasing and inhibiting hormones come from
HYPOTHALMUS
Tropic and non-tropic hormones come from
Anterior pituitary
Insulin is only hormone that will
Decrease blood sugar
