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A&P 2 > A&P 2.6 Withdrawal Reflex/brain functions > Flashcards

A&P 2.6 Withdrawal Reflex/brain functions Flashcards

0
Q

Stimulus

A

Pain

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1
Q

Flexor/withdrawal reflex

A

Response to pain

Reflex occurs SUBCONSCIOUSLY

7 steps

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2
Q

Sensory receptor

A

Nocicepter

Sensitive to actual or potential tissue damage

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3
Q

Sensory neuron

A

Conducts impulse from receptors to CNS

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4
Q

Integrating center

A

Sensory neurons synapse with interneurons to motor neurons = POLYSYNAPTIC

Sone interneurons conduct impulses up/down the cord to other segments = MULTI SEGMENTAL

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5
Q

Motor neurons

A

To ALL FLEXORS of a limb; ALL EXTENSORS ARE INHIBITED by reciprocal innervation

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6
Q

Effectors

A

Flexors

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7
Q

Response

A

Flexors are stimulated; EXTENSORS are inhibited

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8
Q

Flexor/withdrawal reflex

Additional info

A
  • a painful stimulus causes tissue damage
  • tissue damage stimulates a nocicepter that causes a sensory neuron to conduct an impulse
    Interneurons conduct impulses up/down the cord
    Motor neurons (ventral) exit the cord from many segments
    All flexors of a limb contract causing withdrawal
    All extensors of a limb relax by reciprocal inhibition
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9
Q

Nocicepters detect

A

Tissue or potential tissue damage rather than pain

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10
Q

Pain

Defined

A

Pain is the conscious perception of tissue damage

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11
Q

Brain stem

3 parts

A

Medulla oblongata
Pons
Midbrain

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12
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

Most inferior part
Continuous with spinal cord
Contains ascending (dorsal) and descending (ventral) tracts
Contains reflex centers

Vital and non-vital

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13
Q

Vital reflex

3

A

Breathing
Heart rate
Vasomotor

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14
Q

Non-vital reflexes

3

A

Coughing
Vomiting
Hiccuping

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15
Q

Pons

A

“Bridge”

Intermediate
Contains ascending and descending tracts
Contains vital reflex centers: breathing

16
Q

Midbrain

A

Most superior, just below diencephalon
Contains ascending & descending tracts
Non-vital reflex centers: turning head in response to loud noises or peripheral movement

17
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

Progressive disorder of the CNS

SHAKING TREMOR. Most common symptom

18
Q

Diencephalon

2 parts

A

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

19
Q

Functions of thalamus

6

A

Main sensory relay to cerebral cortex (SENSATION versus perception)
All sensation except smell passes through the thalamus
Produces conscious recognition of crude pain, temperature and touch
Emotions (pleasantness/unpleasantness)
Arousal and alertness
Complex reflex movements

20
Q

Functions of the hypothalamus

6

A

Control of ANS
control of pituitary gland and production of hormones
Regulation of emotional and behavioral patterns
Regulation of eating and drinking
Control of body temperature
Regulation of circadian rhythms and states of consciousness

21
Q

Cerebral cortex

General

A

“Bark” is part of the cerebrum

Outer layer of the cerebrum

22
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Largest and most superior division of the brain
Sensory perception - includes all somatic and special senses
Motor - voluntary motor control of skeletal muscles
Integration- all events that take place in the cerebrum between its reception of sensory impulses and its sending out of motor impulses.
CONSCIOUSNESS, LANGUAGE, SPEECH, EMOTIONS, MEMORIES

ALL AFFECTED BY ALCHOL

23
Q

Cerebellum

A

Compares motor impulses from the cerebral cortex with proprioceptive from myofascia
Compares intended movements with what is actually happening
Smooths and coordinates complex sequences of skeletal muscle contractions including posture and balance

24
Q

Levator scapula

A, I, O

A

A- elevate the scapula

O- Transverse process of C1-4

I - superior angle of the scapula

25
Q

Brachioralradialis

A, I, O

A

O - lateral supra condylar ridge of the humerus

I - styloid process of the radius

A - flexion of elbow, returns forearm to neutral from supination or pronation

A&P 2 (23 decks)

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