A&P 2.19 Adrenals, gonads, posterior pituitary gland Flashcards
Gastrocnemius
A, I, O
A - flex the knee, plantar flex the ankle
O - condyles of the femur, posterior surface
I - calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
DEEP TO HAMSTRINGS ONLY AT ORIGION
PLANTER - PLANT
Soleus
A, O, I
A - plantar flex the ankle
O - sole all line, proximal, posterior surface of the tibia, and posterior aspect of head of fibula
I - calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
Adrenal glands
General
Cholesterol hormones
Location- on top of kidneys(retroperitoneum)
2 portions - medulla (middle) and cortex - bark (outer portion)
Adrenal glands
Medulla
Hormones : epinephrine (80%) and norepinephrine (20%)
Target: sympathetic effectors ( skin, heart, lungs, eye, liver)
Effect: enhance and prolong fight/flight in sympathetic ANS
Adrenal glands
Cortex portion - three different sections
SALT, SWEET and SEX
Slow change, steroid hormones
Outer zone - Zona glomerulosa - Aldosterone - salt
Middle zone - zona fasciculata - cortisol - sweet.
Inner zone - zona reticulims - androgens/estrogens - sex
Adrenal cortex
Aldosterone
Mineral corticoid
Location- zona glometulosa ( outer zone)
Target - kidneys
Effect- conservation of sodium by kidneys, release of ADH causes water retention by body; dump K+ and H+ into urine for excretion
Adrenal glands
Cortex
Cortisol
Glucocorticoid - zona fasciculata - sugar/ sweet
Target - general
Effect- metabolism of food and anti inflammatory effect, ATP Production
Adrenal glands
Cortex
Androgens
Gonadocorticoid
Target - sex organs
Effects - women - promote libido and is converted to estrogen
Both - stimulate axillary and pubic hair, contributes to prepubertal growth
Gonads
Ovaries and testes
Location- ovaries: pelvic cavity - paired oval bodies in pelvic cavity
testes: scrotum, oval glands, lie in the scrotum
Hormones- ovaries- estrogen and progesterone; scrotum - testerone
Target - general
Effect - female- establish body shape, maintain monthly cycle, prepares and maintains pregnancy
Male - regulate sperm production, stimulates and maintains development of male characteristics (beard/deep voice)
Ovaries and tested
Exocrine functions versus endocrine functions
Exocrine: Production of eggs/ovum and/or sperm
Endocrine: hormones (estrogen and testosterone)
Major hormones of the posterior pituitary
2
ADH
Oxytocin
Pituitary gland
2 lobes
Anterior - larger - adenohypophysis
Posterior - smaller - neurohypophysis - contains neurosecretory cells
Location for both: hypophyseal fossa of sphenoid bone also known as “sella turica” - Turkish saddle
Sella turica
Turkish saddle
Fossa of the sphenoid bone
ADH
Antidiurecic hormone - retains salt
Target - kidneys
Effect - retains water in the kidneys
Oxytocin
Target - uterus and breasts
Effects - stimulates uterine contractions and milk let down
Hormones stored in the posterior pituitary but are NOT
SYNTHESIZED BY THE POST PITUITARY gland
ADH and oxytocin
ADH And oxytocin are made in the
Hypothalamus and carried by neurosecretory cells to the post pituitary gland for storage
