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A&P 2 > A&P 2.3 nerves > Flashcards

A&P 2.3 nerves Flashcards

0
Q

Nerves

Definition

A

Bundles of axons in the PNS

All spinal nerves and many cranial nerves are mixed; they have both sensory and motor

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1
Q

Neuron

3 parts

A

Dendrite
Axon
Cell body

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2
Q

Mixed nerve

A

Sensory and motor component

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3
Q

Tracts

A

Bundles of nerves in the central nervous system

Most tracts contain fibers going in one direction

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4
Q

Myelin

A

Sheaths - multilayer wrappings around most axons of most neurons
Formed by glial cells
Each cell wraps a very small portion of the axon
Each axon is separated by unmyelionated nodes which are going to speed impulse conduction

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5
Q

Nodes of ranvier

A

Unmyelionated portion of the axion

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6
Q

Myelin producing cells

2

A

Schwann cells

Oligodengrocytes

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7
Q

Schwann cells

A

Glial cells in the PNS that form myelin sheaths

A single Schwann cell wraps around a 1mm segment of a single axon length

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8
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

“Cells with branches”
Glial cells in the CNS that form myelin sheaths
Each oligodendrocyte extends (15-50 branches)
Multiple branches each of which creates a myelin sheath on multiple axons

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9
Q

White and grey matter

Located

A

Located in brain and spinal cord

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10
Q

White matter

A

Is regions of the CNS containing myelinated axons

ONLY IN CNS

Superhighway, has super fast speed

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11
Q

Grey matter

A

Found in the CNS

Contains little or no myelin
Comprised of mostly cell bodies, dendrites, ends of axons and unmyelionated axons

ONLY IN CNS

Where thought process happens

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12
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

Autoimmune disease that causes progressive destruction of the myelin sheaths in the CNS
Slowing down nerve impulse conduction

Multiple regions of the nervous system
Sclerosis- plaque formation

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13
Q

Ventral/dorsal roots

Important. P. 431

A

Every spinal nerve connects to the spinal cord by two roots:

Ventral
Dorsal

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14
Q

Dorsal roots

A

Contain ONLY sensory neurons entering the cord

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15
Q

Ventral roots

A

Contain ONLY motor neurons

16
Q

Reflex arc

Defined

A

A signal conduction route to and from the CNS
The most common form of reflex arc is the three-neuron arc
Fast and involuntary actions in response to a stimulus
**Reflex arc IS THE SIMPLEST FORM OF INTEGRATION (processing of stimulus)
Shortest pathway from a stimulus to a response
Consists of seven components

17
Q

7 components of the reflex arc

A 
Stimulus
Sensory receptor
Sensory neuron
Integrating center
Motor neuron
Effector
Response
18
Q

Stimulus

A

Change in (internal/external) environment to stimulate a sensory receptor

19
Q

Sensory receptor

A

Dendrite or specialized structure that stimulates a dendrite.
If the stimulus is strong enough it will create an impulse (action potential) to be generated in a sensory neuron

20
Q

Sensory neuron

A

Conducts an impulse from receptors to CNS
Dorsal root if it is a SPINAL REFLEX NOT CRANIAL REFLEX
Moves to integrating center

21
Q

Integrating center

A

Sensory neurons synapse (space between 2 neurons where communication happens) with motor neurons or with an inter neuron that synapses with motor neuron

22
Q

Motor neuron

A

Conducts a nerve impulse from the CNS to an effector

23
Q

Effector

A

A muscle or a gland

24
Q

Response

A

A muscle contraction or relaxation

OR

Glandular response to secrete or inhibit secretion

25
Q

Superaspinatus

A, I, O

A

A- abduct the shoulder; stabilize the head of the humerus in glenoid cavity

O- superaspinatus fossa of the scapula

I - greater tubercle of the humerus

26
Q

Infraspinatus

A, I, O

A

A- laterally rotate the shoulder, adduct the shoulder, extension of the humerus

O - infraspinous fossa of the scapula

I - greater tubercle of the humerus

27
Q

Rotator cuff

4 muscles

A

Superaspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

Superaspinatus runs deep to the trapezius

S,I,T,S

A&P 2 (23 decks)

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