A&P 2.1 neural system

Question 0

Whole body communicating networks

Answer 0

Fibrous (fascial) net
Neural net
Fluid net

Question 1

Holistic standpoint

Defined

Answer 1

Focuses on seeing and treating the body as a whole and how cells of the body communicate together

Question 2

Fibrous (fascial) net

Communicates how?

Answer 2

Essentially a tissue-fascia that invests continuously all body structures

Communicates mechanical information via tugs & pulls

Question 3

Neural network

Communicates how?

Answer 3

Communicates coded electrical information

Question 4

Fluid network

Communicates how

Answer 4

Communicates via hormones/chemicals

Question 5

Major structures of nervous system

Or anatomy of the nervous system

4

Answer 5

Brain
Spinal cord
Nerves
Sensory receptors

Question 6

Major structural divisions

Answer 6

Central nervous system

Peripheral nervous system

Question 7

Central nervous system or CNS

Answer 7

Brain

Spinal cord

Question 8

Peripheral nervous system or PNS

Answer 8

All the nervous tissue outside the CNS

Divided by structures innervated

Nerves and receptors

Question 9

Peripheral nervous system PNS

Divided how

Answer 9

Divided regionally or by anatomy

Question 10

Cranial nerves

PNS

Number

Answer 10

Cranial nerves CN (I-XII) 1-12 - nerves from the brain

Question 11

Spinal nerves

PNS

Number

Answer 11

Spinal nerves (31 pairs ) come from vertebrae

Question 12

PNS divided into 3 parts

Answer 12

Somatic division (SNS)
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
Enteric nervous system (ENS)

Question 13

Somatic Nervous System (SNS) composed of

Answer 13

Somat = body
Muscle of the day
Motor units to skeletal muscles (voluntary)

*VOLUNTARY and conscious

Question 14

Autonomic division (ANS)

Answer 14

Motor unit and sensory unit from smooth and cardiac muscles and glands (involuntary)
Neurons go from muscles to glands
Sensory information from chemicals
** INVOLUNTARY and subconscious (autopilot)

Two subdivisions

Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

Question 15

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Sympathetic division

Answer 15

Flight or flight

Survival mode

Question 16

ANS

Parasympathetic division

Answer 16

Rest and relax

Question 17

Enteric Nervous System (ENS)

Answer 17

“Brain of the gut”

Extends most of the gastrointestinal tract

INVOLUNTARY

Question 18

Major functions of the nervous system

3

Answer 18

Major function of the nervous system and functional classification of neurons regulate all activities
***all are both conscious and subconscious

Sensation or sensory function
Integration
Motor response or motor function

Question 19

Sensation

Answer 19

Or sensory function
Detection or changes in the body’s internal and external environment
*sensory (afferent) neuron is the anatomy that does the function (PNS)

Question 20

Integration

Answer 20

Processing and interpretation of sensations
Examples of this are consciousness of sensation, thoughts, ouch, tickle
Happens in the CNS
Interneurons (association neurons) - connect the sensory and motor neurons in 90% of the body

Question 21

Motor function

Answer 21

Causes the muscular contractions or glandular secretions
Action or reaction to sensation and integration
Motor (efferent) neuron - is the anatomy that functions (PNS)

Question 22

SAME

Answer 22

SA = sensory or afferent

ME = motor or efferent

Question 23

Nervous tissue

2 parts

Answer 23

Neurons

Neuroglia

Question 24

Neurons

Answer 24

Conducting cells Electrically excitable Conduct signals

Question 25

Neuralgia

Answer 25

Also called gila Support cells Hyperplasia of glial cells or neuroglia is brain cancer

Question 26

Hyperplasia of glial cells

Answer 26

Hyperplasia of glial cells or neuroglia is brain cancer

Question 27

Major parts of neurons - peripheral ONLY 3

Answer 27

Dendrites Cell body Axon

Question 28

Dendrites

Answer 28

Cell process that receive information toward the cell body The receiving end of the cell (collects information)

Question 29

Cell body

Answer 29

Soma | Main portion containing the cell nucleus

Question 30

Axon

Answer 30

Conducts impulses/info away from the cell body The transmitting end of the cell (Gives information) Central nervous system only sends and receives information to and from the neurons

Question 31

Central nervous system only sends and receives information to and from the

Answer 31

Neurons

Question 32

Extensior carpi radialis longus A, I, O

Answer 32

Origin - distal 1/3 lateral supracondylar ridge (humerus) and lateral epicondyle via common extensor tendon I - base 2nd metacarpal A - extension and radial deviation of wrist

Question 33

Extensor carpi radialis brevis A, I, O

Answer 33

O - Lateral epicondyle via common extensor tendon I - base of 3rd metacarpal A - extension and radial deviation of wrist

Question 34

Palaris longus A, I, O

Answer 34

O - medial epicondyle via the flexor tendon I - palmar aponeurosis A - flexion of wrist * not present in everyone * *only tendon not under flexor retinaculum

Question 35

Anterior forearm

Answer 35

Anterior forearm - flexors Proximal attachment/origin Attach to medial epicondyle Common flexor tendon Know elbow joints 2 Figure 3.6. Bones of forearm and hand. 110

Question 36

Posterior forearm

Answer 36

Olecranon fossa Posterior forearm - exterior Lateral epicondyle Proximal attachment Origin Common extensor tendon Page 111

Question 37

Ulnaris

Answer 37

Adducts Medial Ulnar deviation

Question 38

Radialis

Answer 38

Abducts Lateral Radial deviation

Question 39

Digitorum

Answer 39

Fingers

Question 40

Carpi

Answer 40

Wrist

Question 41

Palmar aponeurosis

Answer 41

Flexor retinaculum. Retinere - to retain

Question 42

Ulna bony landmarks to know

Answer 42

Olecranon process | Ulnar collateral ligament