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a&p 2 > A&P 2.1 neural system > Flashcards

A&P 2.1 neural system Flashcards

0
Q

Whole body communicating networks

A

Fibrous (fascial) net
Neural net
Fluid net

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1
Q

Holistic standpoint

Defined

A

Focuses on seeing and treating the body as a whole and how cells of the body communicate together

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2
Q

Fibrous (fascial) net

Communicates how?

A

Essentially a tissue-fascia that invests continuously all body structures

Communicates mechanical information via tugs & pulls

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3
Q

Neural network

Communicates how?

A

Communicates coded electrical information

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4
Q

Fluid network

Communicates how

A

Communicates via hormones/chemicals

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5
Q

Major structures of nervous system

Or anatomy of the nervous system

4

A

Brain
Spinal cord
Nerves
Sensory receptors

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6
Q

Major structural divisions

A

Central nervous system

Peripheral nervous system

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7
Q

Central nervous system or CNS

A

Brain

Spinal cord

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8
Q

Peripheral nervous system or PNS

A

All the nervous tissue outside the CNS

Divided by structures innervated

Nerves and receptors

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9
Q

Peripheral nervous system PNS

Divided how

A

Divided regionally or by anatomy

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10
Q

Cranial nerves

PNS

Number

A

Cranial nerves CN (I-XII) 1-12 - nerves from the brain

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11
Q

Spinal nerves

PNS

Number

A

Spinal nerves (31 pairs ) come from vertebrae

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12
Q

PNS divided into 3 parts

A

Somatic division (SNS)
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
Enteric nervous system (ENS)

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13
Q

Somatic Nervous System (SNS) composed of

A

Somat = body
Muscle of the day
Motor units to skeletal muscles (voluntary)

*VOLUNTARY and conscious

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14
Q

Autonomic division (ANS)

A

Motor unit and sensory unit from smooth and cardiac muscles and glands (involuntary)
Neurons go from muscles to glands
Sensory information from chemicals
** INVOLUNTARY and subconscious (autopilot)

Two subdivisions

Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

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15
Q

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Sympathetic division

A

Flight or flight

Survival mode

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16
Q

ANS

Parasympathetic division

A

Rest and relax

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17
Q

Enteric Nervous System (ENS)

A

“Brain of the gut”

Extends most of the gastrointestinal tract

INVOLUNTARY

18
Q

Major functions of the nervous system

3

A

Major function of the nervous system and functional classification of neurons regulate all activities
***all are both conscious and subconscious

Sensation or sensory function
Integration
Motor response or motor function

19
Q

Sensation

A

Or sensory function
Detection or changes in the body’s internal and external environment
*sensory (afferent) neuron is the anatomy that does the function (PNS)

20
Q

Integration

A

Processing and interpretation of sensations
Examples of this are consciousness of sensation, thoughts, ouch, tickle
Happens in the CNS
Interneurons (association neurons) - connect the sensory and motor neurons in 90% of the body

21
Q

Motor function

A

Causes the muscular contractions or glandular secretions
Action or reaction to sensation and integration
Motor (efferent) neuron - is the anatomy that functions (PNS)

22
Q

SAME

A

SA = sensory or afferent

ME = motor or efferent

23
Q

Nervous tissue

2 parts

A

Neurons

Neuroglia

24
Q

Neurons

A

Conducting cells
Electrically excitable
Conduct signals

25
Q

Neuralgia

A

Also called gila
Support cells

Hyperplasia of glial cells or neuroglia is brain cancer

26
Q

Hyperplasia of glial cells

A

Hyperplasia of glial cells or neuroglia is brain cancer

27
Q

Major parts of neurons - peripheral ONLY

3

A

Dendrites
Cell body
Axon

28
Q

Dendrites

A

Cell process that receive information toward the cell body
The receiving end of the cell

(collects information)

29
Q

Cell body

A

Soma

Main portion containing the cell nucleus

30
Q

Axon

A

Conducts impulses/info away from the cell body
The transmitting end of the cell

(Gives information)

Central nervous system only sends and receives information to and from the neurons

31
Q

Central nervous system only sends and receives information to and from the

A

Neurons

32
Q

Extensior carpi radialis longus

A, I, O

A

Origin - distal 1/3 lateral supracondylar ridge (humerus) and lateral epicondyle via common extensor tendon

I - base 2nd metacarpal

A - extension and radial deviation of wrist

33
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

A, I, O

A

O - Lateral epicondyle via common extensor tendon

I - base of 3rd metacarpal

A - extension and radial deviation of wrist

34
Q

Palaris longus

A, I, O

A

O - medial epicondyle via the flexor tendon

I - palmar aponeurosis

A - flexion of wrist

  • not present in everyone
  • *only tendon not under flexor retinaculum
35
Q

Anterior forearm

A

Anterior forearm - flexors
Proximal attachment/origin
Attach to medial epicondyle
Common flexor tendon

Know elbow joints 2

Figure 3.6. Bones of forearm and hand. 110

36
Q

Posterior forearm

A

Olecranon fossa

Posterior forearm - exterior
Lateral epicondyle
Proximal attachment
Origin

Common extensor tendon

Page 111

37
Q

Ulnaris

A

Adducts
Medial
Ulnar deviation

38
Q

Radialis

A

Abducts
Lateral
Radial deviation

39
Q

Digitorum

A

Fingers

40
Q

Carpi

A

Wrist

41
Q

Palmar aponeurosis

A

Flexor retinaculum. Retinere - to retain

42
Q

Ulna bony landmarks to know

A

Olecranon process

Ulnar collateral ligament

a&p 2 (23 decks)

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