9A - The Gene Pool

Question 1

gene pool

Answer 1

The collection of all the genes and alleles within a specific population is
can be represented by allele frequencies.

Question 2

allele frequency 

Answer 2

the proportion of
certain alleles in a gene pool

Question 3

genetic diversity 

Answer 3

the variation in
genetic makeup or alleles within a population

Question 4

point mutation 

Answer 4

a mutation that
alters a single nucleotide in a DNA sequence

Question 5

block mutation 

Answer 5

a mutation that
affects a large chunk of DNA, or an entire gene

Question 6

silent mutation

Answer 6

nucleotide is substituted
for another, changing the codon, but still coding for the same amino acid.
- no effect on protein structure

Question 7

missense mutation 

Answer 7

nucleotide is substituted
for another, changing the codon and coding for a different amino
acid.
May affect protein structure/function

Question 8

nonsense mutation

Answer 8

nucleotide is substituted
for another, changing the codon to a stop codon, prematurely ceasing
translation of the gene’s mRNA.
results in incomplete/dysfunctional polypeptide
most dangerous

Question 9

frameshift mutation

Answer 9

insertion or
deletion of one or two nucleotides,
altering downstream codon - incorrect a.a are incorporated into the protein
results in dysfunctional protein

Question 10

block mutations involve

Answer 10

alteration
of the structure of a chromosome by deleting, duplicating, inverting, or translocating a cluster of nucleotides, which may involve multiple different genes

Question 11

aneuploidy 

Answer 11

gain or loss of a chromosome in an organism