4A - Enzymes that Manipulate DNA

Question 1

endonuclease 

Answer 1

an enzyme that
breaks the phosphodiester bond between two nucleotides in a
polynucleotide chain

Question 2

recognition site

Answer 2

 a specific target
sequence of DNA upon which restriction endonucleases act

Question 3

restriction endonuclease 

Answer 3

enzyme that acts like molecular scissors to cut nucleic acid strands
at specific recognition sites. aka restriction enzyme

Question 4

sticky end

Answer 4

the result of a
staggered cut through double stranded DNA by an endonuclease
resulting in overhanging
nucleotides

Question 5

blunt end

Answer 5

the result of a straight
cut across the double-stranded DNA by an endonuclease resulting
in no overhanging nucleotides

Question 6

overhanging nucleotides 

Answer 6

unbonded nucleotides on the ends of the DNA strand resulting from a
staggered cut

Question 7

ligase

Answer 7

enzyme that joins
molecules, including DNA or RNA, together by catalysing the
formation of phosphodiester bonds

Question 8

polymerase 

Answer 8

an enzyme that
synthesises a polymer from monomers, such as forming a DNA strand from nucleic acids

Question 9

primer 

Answer 9

a short, single strand
of nucleic acids that acts as a starting point for polymerase
enzymes to attach

Question 10

Explain what sticky end restriction enzymes are and how they can be useful.

Answer 10

Sticky end restriction endonucleases cleave DNA with overhanging additional nucleotides.

overhanging sections are capable of joining with complementary fragments together in the correct orientation.

Question 11

rna polymerase does …
while dna polymerase does…

Answer 11

transcription
replication/amplification