2C - Genes Flashcards
transcription
sequence of DNA is
used as a template to produce a complementary sequence of mRNA
translation
mRNA sequence is read to produce a corresponding amino acid sequence to build a polypeptide
3 steps for cell to produce protein
transcription, RNA processing (post transcription modifications), translation
genetic code
the set of rules by
which information is encoded in
genetic material
triplet
the sequence of three
nucleotides in DNA coding for one amino acid
codon
when a DNA triplet
is transcribed into an mRNA molecule, the three nucleotides become known as a codon.
what do triplets and codons do
code for a specific amino acid in the final polypeptide chain
what is meant by unambiguous in DNA
each codon only codes for one amino acid
what is meant by degenerate in DNA
each amino acid may be coded for by
multiple different codons
represents a sequence of DNA that signals for the end
of transcription.
termination sequence
promoter
the promoter region is where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription. It determines the starting position and direction of transcription. In eukaryotes, it often contains the TATA box sequence (‘TATAAA’).
introns
non-coding regions
of DNA that do not code for proteins. removed during RNA processing
only in eukaryotes
extrons
regions of coding DNA, which are transcribed and translated into the
final protein.
termination sequence
represents a sequence of DNA that signals for the end
of transcription.
operator
operator region serves as the binding site for repressor proteins, which can then inhibit gene expression
typically in prokaryotes
