4F - GMOS Flashcards
genetic engineering
process of altering an organisms genome using genetic recombination technology
typically with the goal of conferring some
desirable trait
what mechanisms of action are used by genetic tech
silencing genes
genes inserted/removed from genome
altered by replacing nucleotides
GMO
Any organism that has been altered using genetic engineering technologies is
host organism receives the altered gene/s - typically gives it desirable characters that its lacking to begin with
transgenic organism
GMO that contains
foreign genetic material from a separate species (or manipulated dna from the same species)
3 steps of producing trans plants
gene identification - GOI is identified and isolated
- its usually found in another species and is useful for the host species
Gene delivery - isolated GOI delivered into Host’s cell.
(direct insertion or bacterial plasmid transfers dna)
gene expression - transformed cell grown repeatedly using plant tissue cultures -> applied in field for agricultural use
talk about increasing crop productivity
-increases crop yeild and quality (nutrional value) of crops. and allows them to grow in diff conditions
- imp cz demand of food goes up w pop growth
- can be used to supply developing countries
talk about increasing disease resistance
less impacted by harmful plant pathogens
- increase global food security (minimise crop destruction and disease spread)
- 30% global crop yeild is currently lost to pathogens and pests so it helps that
biological implications of gmo
pros:
- better crop productivity, insect resistant
improved nutritional content
cons
- may lose effectiveness if pests involve
- loss of GD
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