2D - Gene Expression

Question 1

gene expression

Answer 1

the process of
reading the information stored within a gene to create a functional
product, typically a protein

Question 2

pre mRNA

Answer 2

the immediate
product of transcription of a DNA
sequence. Requires modifications
before it can undergo translation

Question 3

steps of transcription

Answer 3

• RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region
• DNA unwinds
• RNA polymerase reads the DNA template strand and uses complementary RNA nucleotides to
  catalyse the formation of pre-mRNA
• Transcription is terminated when the
  termination sequence is recognised

Question 4

what occurs during rna processing and what is another name for it

Answer 4

post transcriptional modifications
- addition of 5’ methyl cap, 3’ poly-A tail
-removal of introns and splicing of exons

Question 5

purpose of Addition of a 5’ methyl-G cap and a 3’ poly-A tail

Answer 5

serve to stabilise the mRNA molecule, preventing it
from degrading and allowing it to bind to ribosomes during translation.

Question 6

alternative splicing

Answer 6

the process
where different exons may be spliced, resulting in a single gene
producing multiple different
mRNA strands

Question 7

translation

Answer 7

reading and converting the information carried in the mRNA molecule into a polypeptide chain.

Question 8

translation overview

Answer 8

mRNA molecule binds
to the ribosome
* tRNA anticodons complementary to
mRNA codons deliver corresponding
amino acids to the ribosome
* Adjacent amino acids are joined with
peptide bonds via a condensation
reaction to form a polypeptide
* Translation ends when a STOP codon
is recognised