6C and D

Question 1

what factors affect the rate of cellular resperation

Answer 1

Temperature and pH
Glucose
Oxygen
Enzyme inhibition

Question 2

effect of temp and ph on the rate of cr

Answer 2

large effect
due to their effect on enzymes, which are essential in cellular respiration.- denaturing etc

Question 3

effect of glucose availability on rate of cr

Answer 3

Increasing glucose availability increases the rate of cellular respiration until the enzymes
reach the saturation point.

Question 4

affect of concentration of oxygen on rate of cr

Answer 4

Increasing the concentration of oxygen will increase the rate of aerobic respiration.
oxygen needed for electron transport chain in aerobic

more oxygen results in faster ATP production

Question 5

affect of enzyme inhibitors on rate of cr

Answer 5

Enzyme inhibitors decrease the rate of cellular respiration by reducing the activity of
enzymes involved in the process.

Question 6

Biofuels are made from

Answer 6

organic material known as biomass, which is plant and animal material that can be sourced from many of our existing industries (such as agriculture
and forestry).

Question 7

Biofuels are made from

Answer 7

biomass via the process of fermentation.

Question 8

The typical steps for the
production of bioethanol,

Answer 8

• deconstruction of the
  original biomass
• enzyme-catalysed hydrolysis of complex sugars
• anaerobic fermentation
  to produce ethanol
• final distillation and purification of the ethanol for use as fuel.

Question 9

deconstruction in relation to production of bioethanol

Answer 9

1st step
biomass is treated to increase its SA to make fermentation more efficient.
by breaking down
the cell wall and cellulose,
done by:
biological approaches -enzyme breakdown
chemical approaches such - acids
physical approaches - mashing and grinding,
- physiochemical
approaches such as heating.

Question 10

Digestion by enzymes in relation to production of bioethanol

Answer 10

2nd step
broken down biomass is exposed to enzymes (such as amylase)
- break down the starch and cellulose and convert them into glucose and other sugars.
This breaking down of polysaccharides is aided by the presence of water in a process
known as hydrolysis.

Question 11

Ethanol fermentation in relation to production of bioethanol

Answer 11

3rd step
Yeast is used to facilitate the anaerobic fermentation of the sugars produced in step 2.
- large amount of ethanol is produced as a product of this fermentation.
The ethanol diffuses out of the yeast cells and is harnessed for biofuel.

Question 12

Purification and dehydration in relation to production of bioethanol

Answer 12

4th step
The ethanol is distilled via the removal of water, converting it into a usable form called biofuel. The biofuel is then purified and is ready to be used as liquid fuel.

Question 13

main difference of bioethanol and biodiesel

Answer 13

bioethanol is derived from the fermentation of plant sugars, while biodiesel is
typically produced via the formation of fatty acids (from natural oils like animal fats and
vegetable oil) combined with short-chain alcohols (typically methanol or ethanol).
differ in the type of macromolecule used - bioethanol is made
from the fermentation of carbohydrates
biodiesel is made via the breakdown of lipids
and fats.