9.4 Additional Considerations

Question 0

The intent of the proposal is to clearly ____ why the research is being done – what questions the research is designed to answer.

Answer 0

explain

Question 1

After putting considerable thought into planning the study, the researcher will write a ____ ____. This will include a literature review that provides a background for the study.

Answer 1

research proposal

Question 2

A research proposal is very similar to the ____ and ____ sections of a journal article.

Answer 2

introduction and method

Question 3

When the researcher has finally decided on all the specific aspects of the procedure, it is possible to conduct a ____ ____ in which the researcher does a trial run with a small number of participants.

Answer 3

pilot study

Question 4

A pilot study also allows the experimenters who are collecting the data to become comfortable with their roles and to ____ their procedures.

Answer 4

standardise

Question 5

A ____ ____ is an attempt to directly measure whether the independent variable manipulation has the intended effect on the participants.

Answer 5

manipulation check

Question 6

Manipulation checks provide evidence for the ____ ____ of the manipulation.

Answer 6

construct validity

Question 7

All manipulation checks ask whether the independent variable manipulation was in fact a successful ____ of the conceptual variable being studied.

Answer 7

operationalisation

Question 8

Manipulation checks are particularly useful in the pilot study to decide whether the independent variable manipulation is in fact having the ____ ____.

Answer 8

intended effect

Question 9

If the independent variable is not effective, the procedures can be changed. However, it is also important to conduct a manipulation check in the ____ ____.

Answer 9

actual experiment

Question 10

A manipulation check has two advantages. First, if the check shows that your manipulation it was not effective, you have saved the ____ of running the actual experiment.

Answer 10

expense

Question 11

A manipulation check has two advantages. Second, a manipulation check is advantageous if you get non-significant results – that is, if the results indicate __ ____ exists between the independent and dependent variables.

Answer 11

no relationship

Question 12

After all data are collected, a ____ session is usually held. This is an opportunity for the researcher to interact with the participants to discuss the ethical educational implications of the study.

Answer 12

debriefing

Question 13

The debriefing session can also provide an opportunity to learn more about what participants were thinking ____ the experiment.

Answer 13

during