12.1 Analysing Results Of Research

Question 0

Statistics are used to make ____ and draw conclusions, on the basis of the sample data, about a population.

Answer 0

inferences

Question 1

____ are used to describe the data.

Answer 1

Statistics

Question 2

The levels of ____ scale variables have no numerical, quantitative, properties. The levels are simply different categories or groups. Most independent variables in experiments are ____.

Answer 2

nominal

Question 3

The variables with ___ scale labels exhibit minimal quantitative distinctions. We can rank order the levels of the variable being studied from lowest to highest.

Answer 3

ordinal

Question 4

With an ____ scale variable, the intervals between the levels are equal in size. ____ scales generally have five or more quantitative levels.

Answer 4

interval

Question 5

____ scale variables have both equal intervals and an absolute zero point that indicates the absence of the variable being measured.

Answer 5

Ratio

Question 6

An important implication of interval and ratio scales is that the data can be summarised using the ____, or arithmetic average.

Answer 6

mean

Question 7

There are three basic ways of ___ the results: (1) comparing group percentages, (2) correlating scores of individuals on two variables, and (3) comparing group means.

Answer 7

describing

Question 8

A ____ ____ indicates the number of individuals who receive each possible score on a variable.

Answer 8

frequency distribution

Question 9

____ ____ divide a whole circle, or pie, into slices that represent relative percentages.

Answer 9

Pie charts

Question 10

____ ____ use a separate and distinct bar for each piece of information.

Answer 10

Bar graphs

Question 11

____ ____ use a line to represent the distribution of frequencies of scores. This is most useful when the data represent interval or ratio scales.

Answer 11

Frequency polygons

Question 12

A ____ uses bars to display a frequency distribution for a quantitative variable.

Answer 12

histogram