1.1 Scientific Approach Flashcards
The fundamental characteristic of the scientific method is ____ – the idea that knowledge is based on observations.
empiricism
Scientific ____ means that ideas must be evaluated on the basis of careful logic and results from scientific investigations.
scepticism
____ are collected that form the basis of conclusions about the nature of the world.
Data
Data play a central role. For scientists, knowledge is primarily based on ____.
observations
Scientists enthusiastically search for observations that will verify the ideas about the ____.
world
Scientists develop ____, argue that existing data supports their ____, and conduct research that can increase our confidence that their ____ are correct.
theories
Scientists are not alone. Scientists make observations that are accurately ____ to other scientists and the public.
reported
Science is ____. Science is a way of thinking in which ideas to battle with other ideas in order to move ever closer to the truth.
adversarial
Good scientific ideas are testable. They can be supported or they can be falsified by data – the later concept called ____.
falsifiability
Scientific evidence is ___ reviewed. Other scientists who have an expertise review work before it is published.
peer
____ is “fake” science in which seemingly scientific terms and demonstrations are used to substantiate claims that have no basis in scientific research.
Pseudoscience
Pseudoscience 1: Hypotheses generated are typically not ____.
testable
Pseudoscience 2: if scientific tests are reported, ____ is not scientific and ____ of data is questionable.
methodology, validity
Pseudoscience 3: ____ evidence tends to be anecdotal or to rely heavily on authorities that are so-called experts in the area of interest. Genuine scientific references are not cited.
supportive
Pseudoscience 4: claims ignore ____ evidence.
conflicting
